Physical characterisation and chemical composition of densified biomass fuels with regard to their combustion behaviour
Section snippets
Introduction and objectives
An analysis programme of densified biomass fuels has been carried out within the framework of the EU-ALTENER-project “An Integrated European Market for Densified Biomass Fuels (INDEBIF)” [1]. The parameters tested within the framework of this analysis programme (see Table 1) are diameter, length, bulk and particle density, water content, ash content, gross and net calorific value, energy density, starch content, abrasion, the contents of C, H, N, S, Cl, K and the contents of the heavy metals
Methods
Most measurements and analyses were performed from the Institute of Chemical Engineering Fundamentals and Plant Engineering, Graz University of Technology in co-operation with the Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz. The gross calorific values were measured by the Federal Institute of Agricultural Engineering in Wieselburg (Austria). The contents of the elements C, H and N were determined by the Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz.
Overview
The results of the analyses of wood pellets and wood briquettes are shown as average, minimum and maximum values including the standard deviation in Table 2, Table 3. Moreover, the guiding values according to the Austrian standard ÖNORM M 7135 (compressed wood or compressed bark in natural state—pellets and briquettes) [2], the German standard DIN 51731 (testing of solid fuels—compressed untreated wood) [3], the Swiss standard SN 166000 (testing of solid fuels—compressed untreated wood) [4],
Conclusions
The homogeneity of pellets regarding size, water content and particle density is of great relevance to achieve fully automatic operation and complete combustion in small-scale furnaces.
A surprising result that contradicted several statements from pellet producers as well as a publication [6] was that no correlation at all could be detected between abrasion and particle density as well as between abrasion and water content. The most likely explanation for this is the fact that the pellets
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