Elsevier

Carbohydrate Polymers

Volume 111, 13 October 2014, Pages 41-46
Carbohydrate Polymers

Synthesis and characterization of composite based on cellulose acetate and hydroxyapatite application to the absorption of harmful substances

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.058Get rights and content

Highlights

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    Synthesis of CA/HAp/PEG 1000 membranes was successfully achieved.

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    The composite was characterized by FTIR and TGA/DTA.

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    Morphology showed good composite compatibility between organic and inorganic matrix.

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    Composite materials produced can be used to remove pollutants.

Abstract

The aim of this work is to develop composite materials with hydroxyapatite (HAp) mineral and organic matrix such as cellulosic polymers. We use cellulose acetate with different percentages, and then inorganic–organic films were fabricated by evaporation of solvent. The composite films were characterized using emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectra. Test results show that these films are uniform and have good ductility. A strong interaction existed between HAp and cellulosic polymers, and the method allows the production of very fine particles size of about 92 nm. We have developed a new chromatographic method for the quantification of bisphenol A (BPA) in samples of baby food. The result of this study demonstrates how to use this type of composite materials to remove pollutants.

Introduction

Recently, composite materials based on calcium phosphate have attracted much attention (Azzaoui et al., 2013a, Azzaoui et al., 2013b, Needham et al., 2007). Hydroxyapatite is often used as a bone implant material; however, it is used to develop many composites for advanced technologies. Many studies that use bio monitoring used data on food contamination bisphenol A and the environment (Angerer et al., 2007, Boogaard, 2007, Calafat et al., 2006, Needham et al., 2007, Pirkle et al., 2005, Yang et al., 2006). This information served as the basis for estimating indirect human exposure to bisphenol A and its potential toxicity. Cellulose acetate is considered one of the essential esters of cellulose. According to the methods used, it can be widely used in different kinds of purposes; such as film formation and membranes. The toxicity of bisphenol A has been extensively studied covering a large range of doses; the study showed adverse effects at doses of 50 mg/kg body weight/day (EU, 2003, Goodman et al., 2006, Gray et al., 2004).

The technology employed for the extraction of BPA from aqueous samples includes solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) (Kasuga et al., 2003), liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) (Deng, Hao, & Wang, 2001) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) (Shafer & Simonian, 2002).

In this work, a novel analytical method based on enrichment and pretreatment of analytes in the water sample CA/HAp sorptive extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry SIM mode have been developed for the rapid analysis of BPA in water. The obtained results demonstrated that CA/HAp/PEG 1000 combined with GC–MS is a simple, rapid and solvent-free method for the analysis of BPA in water.

The aim of this work was then to choose the best stationary phase (TFME) and best chromatographic method for the quantification of BPA in samples of baby food matrices, which could be used for routine controls.

Section snippets

Materials

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized in our laboratory. The cellulose Acetate (CA) (99%), Calcium Nitrate Ca(NO3)2·4H2O (99%), Ammonium Hydrogen Phosphate (NH4)2·HPO4 (99%), DMF (Dimethylformamide) and Acetone were purchased from Aldrich. High purity distilled water was used throughout the whole experiment.

Synthesis of thin film; CA/HAp/PEG1000

The starting substances used in the production of hydroxyapatite were calcium nitrate tetra hydrate and di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate. HAp was produced by following a modified wet chemical

FTIR analysis

The FTIR spectra of the washed HAp, CA and CA/HAp/PEG 1000 composite as shown in Fig. 2. The bands at 3572 and 632 cm−1 belong to the vibration of hydroxyl (Osingle bondH) group, the bands at 1089, 1045 and 962 cm−1 are the characterization of phosphate stretching vibration and the bands observed at 601, 570 cm−1 are owing to the phosphate being in vibration. It is clear from the IR analysis that, the precipitated powders are evidenced to be hydroxyapatite in nature. The presence of polyethylene glycol in

Conclusion

Synthesis of CA/HAp/PEG 1000 membranes was successfully achieved through dispersion of HAp particles homogeneously in the composite. The composite was characterized by IR and TGA/DTA study, swelling and weight loss shows an interaction between the organic matrix and the HAP matrix by the mean of hydrogen bonding. Morphology showed that the composite has good compatibility between the organic matrix and inorganic matrix (HAp and PLA), the method allows the production of very fine particles size

Acknowledgment

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at king Saud University for funding the work through the research group project no. RGP-089.

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