Learning management systems and cloud file hosting services: A study on students’ acceptance
Introduction
Information and communication technologies (ICT) rapid evolution is influencing both the public and private contexts (Soto-Acosta, Martinez-Conesa, & Colomo-Palacios, 2010). In this sense, the degree of development of certain domains is considered to be linked to the level of implementation of ICT (Lucio-Nieto, Colomo-Palacios, Soto-Acosta, Popa, & de Amescua-Seco, 2012). However, the adoption of ICT has followed different patterns depending on the environment. Thus, although the business context has reached high levels of ICT adoption, other important contexts for the future of generations such as higher education remain certainly laggard in comparison (Park, 2009).
International reports point out that the implementation of ICT within higher education is still very basic, with high levels of resources underutilization, considering its potential (OECD, 2005, UNESCO, 2011). Therefore, it is necessary to move from the use of ICT as a support tools to efficient learning instruments (e.g. Park, 2009). To address these issues, there is therefore a need for further works that show how to cope with problems and practical issues with regard to the development of current and future ICT to support the learning process (González, 2010, Ossiannilsson and Landgren, 2012). These ICT tools support traditional and complement new forms of learning (e.g. e-learning), which make use of the Internet and other information-related ICT to create experiences that foster and support the learning process (Bose, 2003, Macgregor and Turner, 2009).
One of the main objectives of higher education in today’s information technology enabled classroom is to make students more active in the learning process (Saadé, Morin, & Thomas, 2012). Among the tools available to do so are Learning Management Systems (LMS). These systems, known as Virtual Learning Environments too, present high levels of functionality regarding learning activities as well as features for course management and tracking. However, LMS still have several limitations which decrease the learning effectiveness (Yasar & Adiguzel, 2010). Most educational institutions are currently developing the non-attendance aspect with regard to much of their course material by setting up virtual campuses (Sánchez & Hueros, 2010) and LMS. The use of LMS provides students and lecturers with a set of tools for improving the learning process and its management. Nonetheless, as argued by García-Peñalvo, Conde, Alier, and Casany (2011), despite the high levels of LMS adoption, these systems have not produced the desired and expected learning outcomes yet. More specifically, these authors gathered a set of reasons to explain why the adoption of LMS have not contributed further to the learning processes, among these reasons are:
- 1.
Tools are not properly used and often merely become spaces to publish course documents and learning materials.
- 2.
LMS constrain student collaboration and opportunities of social constructivism, which should not be limited to a period of time (i.e. academic year).
- 3.
LMS are usually focused on the course and institution rather than on students and their needs.
Furthermore, recent research (e.g. Alier et al., 2012) suggests that social networks, cloud based services and mobile applications come to support and complement the lack of LMS’ features. In other words, LMS suffer from several limitations such as the lack of openness, resistance to change, failure to take into account the user, lack of integration with the informal context and so on (García-Peñalvo et al., 2011). In this scenario, instructional designers who work in the context of e-learning environments often face with the challenge of incorporating diverse instructional resources to create engaging and coherent e-learning experiences (Dodd & Antonenko, 2012). Among these resources are cloud file hosting services. In addition, students attending traditional off-line learning are starting to use these systems as collaboration tools. The aim of this paper is to investigate the motivations that lead higher education students to replace several LMS services with cloud file hosting services for information sharing and collaboration among them.
The remainder of this paper is structured as follows. The next section presents the background of the work. Following that, the methodology used for sample selection and data collection is discussed. Then, data analysis and results are examined. Finally, the paper ends with a discussion of research findings, future research and concluding remarks.
Section snippets
Background
Cloud computing is getting increasing attention and represents nowadays one of most important research topics in computing science. As a result, “cloud computing” is becoming a buzz word in the computing industry (Motika & Weiss, 2012). Thus, the demand for cloud computing is rising because of the popularity of digital devices and the wide use of the Internet (Chung, Park, Lee, & Kang, 2012). Cloud computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the Internet and the
The study
In this section, the research approach, sample and data collection as well as instruments validation are presented.
Results
To analyze whether differences existed between LMS and Dropbox, difference of means tests were used. More specifically, equal variances were assumed when homogeneity of group variances existed (Levene’s test > 0.05), while unequal variances were considered when data presents heterogeneity of group variances (Levene’s test < 0.05).
To begin the data analysis, we explore actual system use of both technologies. One of the more informative variables about the utilization of these tools is the frequency
Discussion
This research applied TAM to investigate the motivations that lead higher education students to replace several LMS services with cloud file hosting services in the field of information sharing and collaboration. Research findings extend previous research that has investigated (e.g. Hunsinger & Corley, 2012) or reported (Lorenz et al., 2012) the use of Dropbox to cover certain weaknesses of LMS within the higher education setting. More specifically, results showed that Dropbox obtained better
Conclusions, limitations and future research
Grounded in the TAM, this paper analyzes the motivations that lead higher education students to replace LMS tools and services with cloud file hosting services for information sharing and collaboration among them. Recent research (García-Peñalvo et al., 2011) suggests that LMS suffer from several limitations such as the lack of openness, resistance to change, failure to take into account the user, lack of integration with the informal context and so on. In contrast, file hosting tools such as
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