Addition of anticancer agents enhances freezing-induced prostate cancer cell death: implications of mitochondrial involvement☆
Section snippets
Cell culture
The human prostate cancer cell line, PC-3, was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD). Stock cultures were maintained at 37C in 95% air/5% CO2 in Falcon T 75 cm2-flasks. PC-3 cell cultures were grown in RPMI-1640 (Gibco/BRL Laboratories, Grand Island, NY) medium, supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (Atlanta Biological, Norcross, Georgia) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco/BRL). Stock cultures were subcultured every 7–8 days at approximately 95% confluence, and
Pre-exposure of chemotherapy agents results in enhanced cell death when combined with freezing
Previous reports have indicated that the addition of a sub-toxic concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) prior to freezing (−15 °C) resulted in enhanced cell death when compared to either treatment alone [7], [8]. In an attempt to further improve the “cryosurgical outcome” in these in vitro models, additional chemotherapeutic agents were examined to determine if they would result in similar synergistic outcomes. Following a 2-day recovery period, cell cultures exposed to −15 °C experienced a 35%
Discussion
Hormone refractory prostate cancer remains a therapeutic challenge. The successful treatment of this disease will require a further understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in both the disease and the effective nature of treatment options. The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement, if any, of the mitochondria in the increased efficacy of the cryo/chemo combination model. In this study, it was demonstrated that the addition of sub-lethal concentrations of a range of
References (63)
- et al.
Minimally invasive cryosurgery: technological advances
Cryobiology
(1997) - et al.
Protein complexes activate distinct caspase cascades in death receptor and stress-induced apoptosis
Exp. Cell Res.
(2000) - et al.
Chemo-cryo combination therapy: an adjunctive model for the treatment of prostate cancer
Cryobiology
(2001) - et al.
Signaling for the caspases: their role in prostate cell apoptosis
J. Urol.
(2001) - et al.
Cryosurgical ablation of the prostate: two year prostate specific antigen and biopsy results
Urology
(1996) - et al.
The results of a phase II randomized trial comparing 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorouracil plus α-interferon: observations on the design of clinical trials for androgen-independent prostate cancer
J. Urol.
(1995) - et al.
Mechanisms in tissue injury
Cryobiology
(1998) - et al.
The biology of apoptosis
Human Pathol.
(2001) - et al.
Salvage cryotherapy using an argon based system for locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy: the Columbia experience
J. Urol.
(2001) Molecular steps of death receptor and mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis
Life Sci.
(2001)
Apoptosis and the dilemma of cancer chemotherapy
J. Am. Soc. Hematol.
Cellular stress response and apoptosis in cancer therapy
Blood
Induction of apoptosis by cancer chemotherapy
Exp. Cell Res.
The efficacy of cryosurgical ablation of the prostate cancer: The University of California, San Francisco experience
J. Urol.
Molecular biology of prostate cancer
Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol.
Cryosurgery for prostate cancer: Improved glandular ablation by use of 6 to 8 probes
Adult Urol.
The mitochondria in cell death control: certainties and incognita
Exp. Cell Res.
Anticancer drugs induce necrosis of human endothelial cells involving both oncosis and apoptosis
Eur. J. Cell Biol.
Cryosurgery
Crit. Rev. Oncol./Hematol.
Clinical oncology update: Prostate cancer. Evolving strategies of cytotoxic chemotherapy for advanced prostate cancer
Eur. J. Cancer
Differential effects of Bcl-2 on cell death triggered under ATP-depleting conditions
Exp. Cell Res.
Apoptosis and caspases
Cardiovasc. Dis.
Expression of multidrug resistance related proteins and proliferative activity is increased in advanced clinical prostate cancer
J. Urol.
Death receptors and apoptosis: deadly signaling and evasive tactics
Cardiovasc. Dis.
Cell death: the significance of apoptosis
Int. Rev. Cytol.
Cell viability improves following inhibition of cryopreservation-induced apoptosis
In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim.
Inhibition of drug-induced Fas ligand transcription and apoptosis by Bcl-xl
Mol. Cell. Biochem.
Apoptosis and necrosis: Two distinct events induced, respectively, by mild and intense insults with N-methyl-d-aspartate or nitric oxide/superoxide in cortical cell cultures
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
Severity of oxidative stress generates different mechanisms of endothelial cell death
Cell Tissue Res.
Cryosurgical modeling: sequence of freezing and cytotoxic agent application affects cell death
Mol. Urol.
Role of cryosurgery in the treatment of localized prostate cancer
Top. Clin. Urol.
Cited by (0)
- ☆
This study was supported in part by NIH Grant No. R43RR16014.