A new MAC protocol design based on TDMA/FDD for QoS support in WATM networks☆
Introduction
Together with the developments in high performance wireless computers and other mobile devices, the importance of wireless/mobile data communication has been increased. Traditional wireless networks deployed universally cannot provide the necessary QoS (Quality of Service) guarantees for bursty traffics such as real-time multimedia applications.
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is a transmission technology considered as a standard for B-ISDN with guaranteed QoS to all possible traffic types in wired medium. The success of ATM technology in the wired network has also initiated many researches about WATM (Wireless ATM) concept [1], [2]. WATM has been proposed to transport different type of traffics such as voice, data and video in wireless environment. Using WATM, it is principally intended to support QoS guaranteed data traffics for high bit rate broadband multimedia applications [3].
To avoid the problems resulting from the wireless medium characteristics (e.g. error-prone with low bandwidth), new layers must be added to standard ATM layers. These are namely a MAC (Medium Access Control) layer providing effective allocation of medium resources shared by many different users, and a DLC (Data Link Control) layer used for flow and error control [2]. They together establish the basis for QoS supported application traffic transfer using WATM.
In this paper, a new MAC protocol model based on TDMA/FDD (Time Division Multiple Access/Frequency Division Duplexing) technique, offering QoS guarantees to multimedia application traffics, is proposed. The new guarantee-based scheduling algorithm employed in the proposed MAC protocol is the main contribution of this work presented. Using this new protocol, it is intended to provide different multimedia applications with QoS support through ATM service categories in wireless medium.
To support multimedia traffics, a wireless MAC protocol must be able to provide bandwidth on demand. Several MAC protocols have been defined for WATM such as; DQRUMA [4], E-PRMA [4], MASCARA [4], MDR-TDMA [4], DSA+ [4], PRMA/DA [5], etc. in literature.
The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 begins with a brief explanation of WATM, its network components and protocol architecture. It also provides an overview of PRMA/DA (Packet Reservation Multiple Access/Dynamic Allocation) MAC protocol which is used for performance comparison. Overall properties and design stages of the proposed MAC protocol together with related algorithms are explained in detail in Section 3. Section 4 includes an example WATM network utilizing the proposed MAC technique, which has been modeled and simulated under different traffic loads using a commercially available program called OPNET Modeler with Radio Module. The simulation results obtained are compared with those of a WATM network utilizes PRMA/DAMAC protocol that are also obtained under the same networking conditions as former WATM network, followed by performance evaluation of both networks. And, the Last Section gives our summary about the proposed TDMA/FDD based MAC protocol with final remarks.
Section snippets
Wireless ATM architecture
Recently, there has been a growing interest in the subject of WATM. The ATM Forum has itself established a WATM study group. ETSI has also a standardization activity ongoing for the physical layer of WATM. Above 300 MHz unlicensed spectrum is made available in the US and Europe for wireless access, mainly for the purpose of accessing the Internet for multimedia applications. Such applications will require some kind of wireless packet networking, and WATM has the potential to fulfill this
Proposed MAC protocol
A MAC protocol in wireless communication should be used to allocate the limited bandwidth to WTs efficiently. Several MAC schemes have been proposed in the literature for managing multimedia traffics in WATM systems [6], [7], [8]. WATM technology promises to provide QoS guarantees for multimedia applications together with traditional services [9]. A demand assignment MAC technique for WATM should be considered to maintain the bursty traffic natures of such applications. In this technique a user
Computer simulation of WATM networks
The WTs in the example scenario implemented using OPNET Modeler (Fig. 11), employ the proposed TDMA/FDD based MAC protocol explained in the Previous Section to communicate with each other in the same wireless environment. Diameter of the cell which constructs the network topology is chosen to be 100 m. Because of the connection-oriented structure of WATM, before actual data transmission takes place, considering QoS requirements of its application, a WT initially sends a connection request to
Conclusions
In this paper, a new TDMA/FDD based MAC protocol for multimedia communications in WATM networks is proposed and its design stages are outlined. WATM differs from its traditional counterparts mainly in that it promises to provide QoS guarantees for real-time multimedia applications. QoS guaranteed data transfer in a wireless environment entails a special MAC protocol allowing efficient allocation and utilization of the scarce and error-prone resources to different end user applications. The
Celal Ceken received the MSc and PhD degrees from Kocaeli University, Turkey in 2001 and 2004, respectively. His active research interests include wireless communications, broadband networks, ATM networks, and high speed communication protocols.
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2009, Computer Standards and InterfacesCitation Excerpt :The need for utilizing wireless system resources efficiently has led many researchers to work on resource allocation algorithms as well as QoS management mechanisms required for real-time multimedia applications. Several scheduling algorithms providing QoS supported communications have been actively researched, mainly focusing on the traffic at the MAC layer [4–6]. However, the exploitation of the “space” is not capably considered in these works, resulting in not only worse call-blocking ratios but also not allowing the system to achieve higher throughputs.
A new MAC protocol for broadband wireless communications and its performance evaluation
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2008, Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation, ICIA 2008
Celal Ceken received the MSc and PhD degrees from Kocaeli University, Turkey in 2001 and 2004, respectively. His active research interests include wireless communications, broadband networks, ATM networks, and high speed communication protocols.
Ismail Erturk received the MSc and PhD degrees from Sussex University, UK in 1996 and 2000, respectively. His research interests are ATM, wireless data communications, CAN, LANs/WANs, IP and QoS, MPLS and real-time multimedia applications.
Cuneyt Bayilmis received the MSc degree from Sakarya University, Turkey, in 2001 and he is currently working toward a PhD degree in Kocaeli University, Turkey. His active research interests are CAN, WLAN and Bluetooth.
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A preliminary version of this work was presented in Third Biennial International Conference on Advances in Information Systems, Turkey, 20–22 October, 2004.
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