Calcium sulphate scale prevention in a desalinatïon unit using the SMCEC technique*
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Desalination
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Desalination
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Cited by (40)
Application of waste chalk/CoFe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>/K<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf> composite as a reclaimable catalyst for biodiesel generation from sunflower oil
2022, ChemosphereCitation Excerpt :By modification of waste chalk/CoFe2O4 magnetic composite with K2CO3 and calcination process, the peak wavenumbers were changed, and a sharp peak with high intensity has appeared at 1436 cm−1 corresponding to CO vibrations (Lukić et al., 2009). The XRD results (Fig. 1b) revealed that the prepared waste chalk has a bassanite crystalline phase (CaSO4.0.5H2O) with hexagonal structures (Meireles et al., 2019) and is entirely consistent with the CaSO4·2H2O structure (Ahmed et al., 2004). It is also noteworthy to mention that the peaks in the 2θ (degree) range of 25.74, 33.54, 41.25, 52.36, and 55.85 represented CaSO4 in the waste chalk (Teo et al., 2019).
Mechanisms of scale formation and inhibition
2022, Water-Formed Deposits: Fundamentals and Mitigation StrategiesCalcium sulfate precipitation pathways in natural and engineered environments
2019, Chemical GeologyCitation Excerpt :Unfortunately, calcium sulfate solid phases also cause a lot of nuances in engineered environments (Fig. 5). Most importantly, unwanted precipitation of gypsum and anhydrite on the surface of water pipes (Fig. 5a) and heat exchanger leads to incrustations, i.e. scalants, which cause efficiency loss, and/or costly downtimes for cleaning, in desalination plants (Fig. 5a), oil recovery and mining activities (e.g. Brusilovsky et al., 1992; Linnikov, 2000; Ahmed et al., 2004; Mi and Elimelech, 2010; Al-Khaldi et al., 2011; Olajire, 2015; Lu et al., 2012; Rosenberg et al., 2012). Anhydrite is the predominant scale-forming phase at higher temperatures >100 °C, while gypsum scaling prevails at lower temperatures.
Thermodynamic modelling of scale (Calcite, Barite, Anhydrite and Gypsum) deposition from brine
2017, Journal of Molecular LiquidsCitation Excerpt :Same problems would happen prevalently in the industries such as geothermal energy plants [6], water desalination [7], heat exchangers [8], evaporation [9], sugar refineries [10], etc. Thermodynamic and kinetic behaviours of scale deposition phenomenon have been investigated through the last decades and several models have been introduced to eliminate or decrease its risks [11] and there are lots of experimental efforts to this end [12,13]. Deposition of the fouling can initiate in any temperature and pressure range and the agglomeration speed of the formed crystals depends on different thermodynamic conditions such as temperature, pressure and chemical composition of the target fluid and interactions between different materials which are dependent on their nature.
Mechanisms of Scale Formation and Inhibition
2015, Mineral Scales and Deposits: Scientific and Technological Approaches
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Presented at the EuroMed 2004 conference on Desalination Strategies in South Mediterranean Countries: Cooperation between Mediterranean Countries of Europe and the Southern Rim of the Mediterranean. Sponsored by the European Desalination Society and Office National de l'Eau Potable, Marrakech, Morocco, 30 May–2 June 2004.