Kinetic modelling of liquid-phase adsorption of nitrates on ionized adsorbent

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2005.12.020

Desalination

Volume 197, Issues 1–3, 2 October 2006, Pages 117-123

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Abstract

The risks associated with the contamination of drinking water by nitrates are methemoglobinemy in infants, the potential risks of cancerogenicity and teratogenicity. Membrane processes and resins are very efficient in the elimination of nitrates. The resin used in this work was an ionised adsorbent Amberlite IRA 400. The objective of the work was to improve the knowledge concerning the adsorption mechanism and to determine the kinetic parameters. The study was undertaken in a batch reactor at controlled pH and temperature. The effect of some parameters, like the size of particles, the stirring velocity, the nitrate concentration and the mass of adsorbent used, were examined. The chemical reaction was found to control the global process; two kinetic models, a pseudo first-and a second-order reaction were then compared to describe the process. It was found that the adsorption follows the second-order kinetic.

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Limited role of biochars in nitrogen fixation through nitrate adsorption
2017, Science of the Total Environment
Citation Excerpt :
N transformation process in soils includes ammonification, nitrification, and de-nitrification (Martens and Dick, 2003). These processes commonly generate highly mobile N forms, such as NO3− (nitrate), and therefore elevated N level in ground and surface water bodies (Chabani et al., 2006). The increased application of N fertilizers to soils is one of the main reasons for ground and drinking water pollution (Vitousek et al., 2009).
Nitrate cycling is essential in sustaining soil systems. Excessive application of N-fertilizers and the associated underground water contamination have attracted a great deal of research attention. Sorption is efficient and environmentally friendly in nitrate fixation. A debate was noted in literature regarding whether biochars have potential to fix nitrate through sorption. In this study, biochars produced from different biomasses as well as biomass compositions were chosen as the absorbents to evaluate their potential efficiencies in nitrate fixation. Increased sorption to nitrate was observed for biochars with increased pyrolysis temperature, but the increasing extent varied with biomass. The surface base functional groups and surface charges of biochars could not well explain nitrate sorption. The significant positive correlation between nitrate sorption and biochar surface areas suggested that surface area was the controlling parameter for nitrate sorption. The pre-coating of tannic acid (TA) on biochars decreased but did not completely inhibit nitrate sorption. This observation suggested that nitrate sorption on biochars may be further decreased after their interactions with natural organic matter. Nitrate sorption was compared among various adsorbents, including biochars, soil particles, clay minerals, engineered particles, as well as humic substances. Soil particles generally showed high sorption to nitrate over biochars. This result suggested that biochars investigated in this work may play a limited role in nitrate fixation through sorption after their massive application. Nitrogen fixation through nitrate adsorption on biochars should be carefully evaluated taking into consideration of biochar feedstocks and properties.
Application of conducting polyaniline, o-anisidine, o-phenetidine and o-chloroaniline in removal of nitrate from water via electrically switching ion exchange: Modeling and optimization using a response surface methodology
2017, Separation and Purification Technology
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Although Polyaniline and their derivations lost their electroactivity and conductivity at pH > 4 [38], the protonation sensitivity of nitrogen atoms, in other words doping of imine/nitride, is higher at the pka in the range of 5.5–8 [39,40]. As can be seen in Fig. 5, the removal of nitrate yield increases with increasing the nitrate concentration, which is possible because of the higher availability of nitrate ions or, in other words, the more contact and surface time [41]. However, very high concentration due to the lack of dopant that is interchangeable with nitrate ions, cause that the polymer refrains from accepting more nitrate ions.
The paper investigates the performance and modeling of poly ortho phenetidine, poly ortho chloroaniline, polyaniline, and poly anisidine on the gold electrode in a batch reactor for removal of nitrate. In this study, a safety method called electrically switching ion exchange was used as the ion exchange. In addition, a response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used for modeling and optimizing this process. The independent variables in the RSM include applied potential (V), pH and nitrate concentration (mg/L). Ortho phenetidine has shown better results in the nitrate removal and reuse; under controlled conditions of pH: 5.82, nitrate concentration: 93.78 mg/L, and applied potential: 1.34 V, ortho phenetidine demonstrates an ability to nitrate removal of 85.11% and after three successive cycles still has an ability higher than 70%. The POP ability in real water samples was also considered and indicated that the removal of nitrate in tap water samples was 40%.
Nitrate sorption and desorption in biochars from fast pyrolysis
2013, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials
Increasing the nitrate ( ${NO}_{3}^{-}$ ) sorption capacity of Midwestern US soils has the potential to reduce nitrate leaching to ground water and reduce the extent of the hypoxia zone in the Gulf of Mexico. The objective of this study was to determine the sorption and desorption capacity of non-activated and chemically activated biochars from microwave pyrolysis using selected biomass feedstocks of corn stover (Zea mays L.), Ponderosa pine wood chips (Pinus ponderosa Lawson and C. Lawson), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Surface characteristics such as surface area and net surface charge have shown significant effects on nitrate sorption and desorption in biochars. Freundlich isotherms performed well to fit the nitrate sorption data (R² > 0.95) of biochars when compared to Langmuir isotherms. Nitrate sorption and desorption was significantly influenced by solution pH and presence of highly negative charged potential ions such as phosphate ( ${PO}_{4}^{3 -}$ ) and sulfate ( ${SO}_{4}^{2 -}$ ) in aqueous solution. Chemical activation with concentrated HCl had significant effect on surface characteristics of biochars and enhanced the nitrate sorption capacity. The first order model fit the nitrate desorption kinetics of biochars with a high coefficient of determination (R² > 0.95) and low standard error (SE).
Effect of dissolved organic matter on nitrate-nitrogen removal by anion exchange resin and kinetics studies
2013, Journal of Environmental Sciences (China)
The effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the removal of nitrate-nitrogen from the model contaminated water have been investigated utilizing the strong base anion exchange resins. With the increase of gallic acid concentration from 0 to 400 mg/L, the adsorption amount of nitrate-nitrogen on the commercial resins, including D201, Purolite A 300 (A300) and Purolite A 520E (A520E), would significantly decrease. However, the presence of tannin acid has little impact on nitrate-nitrogen adsorption on them. Compared to D201 and A300 resins, A520E resin exhibited more preferable adsorption ability toward nitrate-nitrogen in the presence of competing organic molecules, such as gallic acid and tannin acid at greater levels in aqueous solution. Attractively, the equilibrium data showed that the adsorption isotherm of nitrate-nitrogen on A520E resin was in good agreement with Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The rate parameters for the intra particle diffusion have been estimated for the different initial concentrations. In batch adsorption processes, nitrate-nitrogen diffuse in porous adsorbent and rate process usually depends on t^1/2 rather than the contact time. The pseudo first- and the second-order kinetic models fit better for nitrate-nitrogen adsorption onto A520E resin. The observations reported herein illustrated that A520E resin will be an excellent adsorbent for enhanced removal of nitrate-nitrogen from contaminated groundwater.
Influence of organic matter and solute concentration on nitrate sorption in batch and diffusion-cell experiments
2011, Bioresource Technology
Citation Excerpt :
Nitrate, either formed in soils or supplied as fertilizers, is soluble in water and subject to leaching. Nitrate concentrations of groundwater resources in many countries increased drastically (Chabani et al., 2006; Jaafari et al., 2004) due to an increasing usage of nitrogenous fertilizers or intensive agriculture, high density housing with unsewered sanitation and irrigation of sewage effluent onto land (McLay et al., 2001). Nitrogen loss from irrigated cropland, particularly from sandy soils, significantly contributes to the nitrate contamination of surface water and groundwater sources (Li, 2003; Shukla et al., 1998).
Nitrate sorption potentials of three surface soils (soils-1–3) were evaluated under different solute concentrations, i.e. 1–100 mg L⁻¹. Batch and diffusion-cell adsorption experiments were conducted to delineate the diffusion property and maximum specific nitrate adsorption capacity (MSNAC) of the soils. Ho’s pseudo-second order model well fitted the batch adsorption kinetics data (R² > 0.99). Subsequently, the MSNAC was estimated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms; however, the best-fit was obtained with Langmuir isotherm. Interestingly, the batch adsorption experiments over-estimated the MSNAC of the soils compared with the diffusion-cell tests. On the other hand, a proportionate increase in the MSNAC was observed with the increase in soil organic matter content (OM) under the batch and diffusion-cell tests. Therefore, increasing the soil OM by the application of natural compost could stop nitrate leaching from agricultural fields and also increase the fertility of soil.
Equilibrium and kinetic studies on the adsorption of acidic dye by the gel anion exchanger
2009, Journal of Hazardous Materials
In the present study, the gel anion exchanger Purolite A-850 of N⁺(CH₃)₃ functional groups was used in order to remove the acidic dye (Acid Blue 29) from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effect of phase contact time (1–180 min), initial concentration of dye (100–500 mg/L), solution pH (1–8), anion exchanger dosage (0.25–1.0 g) as well as temperature (20–40 °C). The contact time necessary to reach equilibrium was 40 min with the exception for the solution of the initial concentration 500 mg/L. The amounts of Acid Blue 29 adsorbed at equilibrium using the strongly basic anion exchanger were equal to 9.97, 19.97, 29.96 and 49.90 mg/g for the dye solutions of the initial concentrations 100, 200, 300 and 500 mg/L, respectively. The equilibrium sorption capacity slightly increased when the temperature of dye solution increased from 20 to 40 °C. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models of adsorption. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm and the monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 83.303 mg/g at 20 °C. The value of R_L was equal to 0.00054 (favourable). The kinetic data obtained at different concentrations were modeled using the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion equations. The experimental data were well described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model.

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: Presented at the Conference on Desalination and the Environment, Santa Margherita, Italy, 22-26 May, 2005. European Desalination Society.

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Kinetic modelling of liquid-phase adsorption of nitrates on ionized adsorbent

Abstract

Water Res.

Chemosphere

Water Res.

J. Colloid Interface Sci.

Process Biochem.

J. Colloid Interface Sci.