Preparation of nanodispersions containing β-carotene by solvent displacement method

doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2007.04.009

Food Hydrocolloids

Volume 22, Issue 1, January 2008, Pages 12-17

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2007.04.009 Get rights and content

Abstract

The aim of this study is to produce β-carotene-loaded nanodispersions containing poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), that are widely used as polymer carriers, by solvent displacement method. Nanoparticles containing β-carotene were produced by interfacial deposition of the biodegradable polymer, due to the displacement of acetone from the dispersed phase. Gelatin or Tween^® 20 was used as stabilizing hydrocolloids in the continuous phase. β-carotene was entrapped in the polymeric matrix in the absence of any oily core material. In this kind of formulation, polymers assumed the function of protective colloids and possibly also chemical stabilization of the nanodispersed phase. For measuring the total β-carotene concentration of nanodispersions, β-carotene was extracted from the nanoparticles and analyzed spectrophotometrically. Analysis of the nanoparticle size and its distribution were carried out by laser diffraction spectrometry with polarization intensity differential scattering (PIDS) technology. Morphological examination of nanoparticles was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In all conditions, the β-carotene-enriched nanoparticles had a narrow size distribution.

Section snippets

1. Introduction

Poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are synthetic biodegradable polymers derived from lactic acid (Fig. 1). Their structures consist of l-, d- and d,l-lactic acid in which the d,l- polymers are amorphous and more rapidly degradable than their l- or d,l-forms. PLA and PLGA undergo hydrolysis in the body to produce their monomers.

Polylactides, such as PLA, have been used successfully in food packaging applications due to their easy degradation, and packaging

Materials

The biodegradable polymers poly(d,l-lactide) and poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolic) acids with a molar ratio of 75:25 (PLA:PLGA; molecular weight: 90,000–126,000) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Japan Corporation (Tokyo, Japan). Acetone of HPLC grade, synthetic crystalline β-carotene, α-tocopherol, gelatin (gel strength: 210–250 g/cm²), and polyoxyethylene-20 sorbitan monolaurate (Tween^®20) were supplied by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Hydrophobic PTFE filters with pore

Nanoparticle formation by solvent-displacement method

The formation of nanoparticles containing β-carotene involved the addition of acetone, which contained the polymers and β-carotene into the continuous phase containing an emulsifier. Nanoparticles were spontaneously formed in the continuous phase when the organic solution containing PLA:PLGA was added, resulting in a transparent dispersion. During this stage, acetone quickly diffused out from each transient particle intermediate, which was probably formed according to the Marangoni effect (

Conclusion

In summary, it was possible to produce PLGA β-carotene-enriched nanoparticles with Sauter diameter below 80 nm by solvent displacement method. Narrow size distribution ranges, as observed by laser diffraction spectrometry with PIDS technology were also confirmed by freeze-fraction TEM. The nanoparticles formation process is probably related to the decreasing of droplet size due to the rapid diffusion of solvent to the aqueous phase. This technique could be successfully used to produce

Acknowledgments

The authors are very grateful to Mrs. Fumiko Yukuhiro of National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS) for helping and advising with TEM analysis. The author H.S. Ribeiro thanks the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for the Postdoctoral fellowship. A part of this work was supported financially by the Nanotechnology Project of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan.

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Preparation of nanodispersions containing β-carotene by solvent displacement method

Abstract

Section snippets

1. Introduction

Materials

Nanoparticle formation by solvent-displacement method

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Journal of Controlled Release

In vitro extended-release properties of drug-loaded poly(d,l-lactic acid) nanoparticles produced by a salting-out procedure

Pharmaceutical Research

Die supramolekulare Struktur ausgefällter, nanometergroβer β-Carotinpartikel

Angewandte Chemie

Emulsionen und Liposomen als Trägersysteme für Carotinoide. Dissertation. Universität Karlsruhe

Optimization of preparation techniques for poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles

Journal of Nanoparticle Research