OR 2020 workshop report: Operating room of the future
Introduction
The modern operating room (OR) requires an increasing number of new surgical instruments, monitoring and imaging devices, information systems, and communication networks. While these individual technologies are improving, attention must also be paid to integrating all of these resources so as to improve the quality and efficiency of surgical procedures. The OR 2020 workshop was organized by the Imaging Science and Information Systems (ISIS) Center, Department of Radiology, of the Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; the Innovative Surgery Committee at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC; and the Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC) at Fort Detrick, Maryland. The purpose of the workshop was to identify the clinical and technical requirements for integrating advanced computer-assisted and robotic technologies into the next generation operating rooms and interventional suites. The Workshop built on previous symposia, including the Operating Room of the Future (ORF) workshop sponsored by the Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC) in 2002. Some representative pictures from the report are shown in Fig. 1A and B.
Approximately 100 participants, including physicians, engineers, and life scientists, met for 2 days in March 2004. The Workshop consisted of several plenary sessions, a keynote speaker, and two extended breakout sessions which were divided by Working Groups. The six Working Groups represented key areas of research and development:
- 1.
Operational Efficiency and Workflow
- 2.
Systems Integration and Technical Standards
- 3.
Telecollaboration
- 4.
Surgical Robotics
- 5.
Intraoperative Diagnosis and Imaging
- 6.
Surgical Informatics.
Section snippets
Working group 1: Operational efficiency and workflow
Improvements in operational efficiency and workflow in today's operating room (OR) will significantly impact progress in the Operating Room of the Future (ORF). There is a particular need to adapt today's advanced technologies to meet specific surgical needs. Among these tasks is adapting technologies such as smart tracking for patient records, and radiofrequency identification devices (RFIDs) for locating information about patients and equipment. Doing so successfully is necessary to attain
Technology requirements
The Working Groups identified five broad areas of technology requirements:
- 1.
Standards for devices and their use in the operating room (OR) are sorely needed. Every aspect of OR activity today is affected by their absence. The OR team of the future must also be interdisciplinary, a theme noted by other related initiatives, including the NIH Roadmap and its Research Teams of the Future theme.
- 2.
Interoperability of devices is essential for improved care and throughput. Currently, most devices and
Conclusions
The OR 2020 workshop report includes the following conclusions, based on the technology requirements identified by the Working Groups:
- 1.
Standards, standards, standards. Standards are needed in all areas, and must be developed through a concerted effort involving companies, government agencies, academic institutions, and perhaps standards organizations. Research studies of surgical workflow and efficiencies are required to develop practice standardization and thus realize improvements.
- 2.
Progress on
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant BES- 0341892, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering at the National Institutes of Health under grant 1 R13 EB003410-01, and the U.S. Army under contract W81XWH-04-1-0383. The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the U.S. Government. Corporate supporters included GE Medical Systems, Karl Storz Endoscopy, MedStar Health/Georgetown University Hospital,
References (0)
Cited by (46)
Surgical data science – from concepts toward clinical translation
2022, Medical Image AnalysisCitation Excerpt :15 years have passed since the vision of the OR of the future was sketched for the year 2020 (Cleary et al., 2004). A central goal of the SDS 2019 workshop was to revisit the paper and report produced by Cleary et al. (2005) and Mun and Cleary (2005) and investigate where we stand, what has hindered us to achieve some of the goals envisioned and what are new trends that had not been considered at the time. When asked: “What has really changed when you are entering the OR of today as compared to the setting in 2004?”,
Development of an intelligent surgical training system for Thoracentesis
2018, Artificial Intelligence in MedicineCitation Excerpt :Also, the growing presence of intra-operative sensors, e.g. endoscopic cameras, and representational information, e.g. on monitors, during the procedures make the surgical training more difficult without the explicit understanding of the procedure along with the contextual awareness. In envisaged operation theatres [9], the efficacy of the operation will be achieved by addressing the workflow issues, where study participants also highlighted context awareness as an important functional requirement. The research also suggested that there is a lack of information on resources necessary to support surgical tasks and to efficiently plan the surgical process, which increases the surgical workflow variability and could be structured by grounding surgical process information in the ontology.
Deep learning-based intraoperative video analysis for supporting surgery
2023, Concurrency and Computation: Practice and ExperienceBIOPASS hybrid navigation for endoscopic sinus surgery - An assistance system
2023, Laryngo- Rhino- OtologieIntroducing a brain-computer interface to facilitate intraoperative medical imaging control – a feasibility study
2022, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders