Large magnetic entropy change and magnetoresistance in a Ni41Co9Mn40Sn10 magnetic shape memory alloy

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.06.175

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

Volume 647, 25 October 2015, Pages 1081-1085

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.06.175 Get rights and content

Highlights

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A large magnetoresistance of 53.8% under 5 T was obtained.
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A large magnetic entropy change (ΔS_m) of 31.9 J/(kg K) under 5 T was achieved.
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A large unit cell volume change (ΔV) across phase transformation was revealed.
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The large ΔS_m obtained is closely related to the large ΔV across transformation.
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Good compressive properties were obtained.

Abstract

A polycrystalline Ni₄₁Co₉Mn₄₀Sn₁₀ (at. %) magnetic shape memory alloy was prepared by arc melting and characterized mainly by magnetic measurements, in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD), and mechanical testing. A large magnetoresistance of 53.8% (under 5 T) and a large magnetic entropy change of 31.9 J/(kg K) (under 5 T) were simultaneously achieved. Both of these values are among the highest values reported so far in Ni–Mn–Sn-based Heusler alloys. The large magnetic entropy change, closely related to the structural entropy change, is attributed to the large unit cell volume change across martensitic transformation as revealed by our in-situ HEXRD experiment. Furthermore, good compressive properties were also obtained. The combination of large magnetoresistance, large magnetic entropy change, and good compressive properties, as well as low cost makes this alloy a promising candidate for multifunctional applications.

Graphical abstract

Introduction

In the last decade, NiMn-based Ni–(Co)–Mn–X (X = In, Sn, Sb) Heusler alloys have gained much attention due to their multifunctionalities, such as magnetic shape memory effect [1], [2], magnetocaloric effect [3], [4], magnetoresistance [5], [6], magnetothermal conductivity [7] and elastocaloric effect [8]. Such properties originate from the first order magnetostructural transformation from high-temperature austenite phase to low-temperature martensite phase. It is believed that these above mentioned multifunctional properties can lead to potential applications in novel actuators, high-efficiency sensors and environment-friendly magnetic refrigerators.

During martensitic transformation the ferromagnetic austenite transforms into a weak magnetic martensite, and thus a large magnetization difference (ΔM) can be obtained. Applying a magnetic field at a temperature close to the reverse transformation temperature could induce the transformation from weak magnetic martensite to ferromagnetic austenite and therefore the magnetocaloric effect could be observed. According to the Clausius–Clapeyron relation [1], a large ΔM is beneficial to the achievement of large magnetic entropy change. In Co-doped Ni–Mn–X (X = In, Sn and Sb) alloys where large magnetic entropy change is usually obtained, the large ΔM is attributed to the Co substitution for Ni which turns the magnetic moments of Mn atoms into a ferromagnetic ordering instead of antiferromagnetic one [9]. Since the electrical resistivity of austenite and martensite is significantly different, during magnetic-ﬁeld-induced transformation the electrical resistivity changes, leading to the large magnetoresistance. The large electrical resistivity difference (Δρ) is related with the variation of the density of the electronic state in the vicinity of the Fermi surface during phase transition [9], [10].

For potential applications of Ni–(Co)–Mn–X (X = In, Sn, Sb) as multifunctional alloys, it is strongly desirable to simultaneously obtain large magnetocaloric effect and large magnetoresistance in a single alloy. However, in most studies only one remarkable property, either large magnetocaloric effect or large magnetoresistance, was reported in a certain alloy [3], [5]. Reports on both large magnetocaloric effect and large magnetoresistance are very scarce. On the other hand, in addition to good functional properties, the machinability of the alloys should be taken into account for practical applications [11]. However, little and scattered information concerning the mechanical properties [12] of the Ni–(Co)–Mn–X (X = In, Sn, Sb) multifunctional alloys could be found in the literature.

In this work, both large magnetic entropy change, 31.9 J/(kg K) under 5 T, and large magnetoresistance, 53.8% under 5 T, were achieved in a Ni₄₁Co₉Mn₄₀Sn₁₀ alloy. Each of these values is among the highest values reported in literature in which, however, only one of these two exceptional properties was obtained. Moreover, good compressive properties were obtained in the studied alloy. The origin of the large magnetic entropy change was interpreted in terms of unit cell volume change across martensitic transformation.

Section snippets

Experimental

The polycrystalline button ingot (about 50 g) with composition of Ni₄₁Co₉Mn₄₀Sn₁₀ (at. %) was prepared by repeated melting for five times in an arc furnace under argon atmosphere. Pure elements of Ni (99.98 wt.%), Co (99.95 wt.%), Mn (99.7 wt.%) and Sn (99.999 wt.%) were used for the melting. The reason for choosing the specific composition of Ni₄₁Co₉Mn₄₀Sn₁₀ is that large entropy change across transformation and complete magnetic-field-induced transformation are expected in this alloy based on

Results and discussion

The DSC curve for the Ni₄₁Co₉Mn₄₀Sn₁₀ alloy is displayed in the inset of Fig. 1, from which the martensitic and austenitic transformation start and finish temperatures, M_s, M_f, A_s and A_f, are determined to be 353 K, 334 K, 354 K, and 371 K, respectively. The entropy change (ΔS) across the transformation is determined from the DSC data to be 32.1 J/(kg K). The main panel of Fig. 1 shows the temperature dependence of magnetization [M(T) curve] measured under 0.01 T and 4 T, respectively. From the

Conclusions

A polycrystalline Ni₄₁Co₉Mn₄₀Sn₁₀ magnetic shape memory alloy was prepared by arc melting. A large magnetic entropy change of 31.9 J/(kg K) under 5 T and a large magnetoresistance of 53.8% under 5 T were simultaneously obtained. Each of these values is among the highest values reported to date for Ni–Mn–Sn-based alloys. The large magnetic entropy change is attributed to the large unit cell volume change across phase transformation as revealed by in-situ HEXRD experiments. Moreover, good

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Contract No. 2012CB619405, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51471030 and 11305008), the National 863 Program of China (Grant No. 2015AA034101), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. 06111023 and 06111020), the NPL, CAEP (Project No. 2013DB02), and the projects (Grant Nos. 2014Z-01 and 2014Z-02) from the State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials

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Large magnetic entropy change and magnetoresistance in a Ni41Co9Mn40Sn10 magnetic shape memory alloy

Highlights

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Experimental

Results and discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

Scr. Mater.

Acta Mater.

J. Alloys Compd.

Scr. Mater.

Nature (London)

Adv. Funct. Mater.

Nat. Mater.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

Adv. Mater.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

J. Appl. Phys.

Large magnetic entropy change and magnetoresistance in a Ni₄₁Co₉Mn₄₀Sn₁₀ magnetic shape memory alloy