Autonomous bottom-up fabrication of three-dimensional nano/microcellulose honeycomb structures, directed by bacterial nanobuilder
Section snippets
Materials
Cellulose triacetate (80–110 cP) provided by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. (Osaka, Japan) was used as the starting material for fabricating honeycomb-patterned cellulose films. The water used was purified using a NANOpure Diamond Ultrapure Water System (Barnstead International, Dubuque, IA, USA). All solvents were reagent grade and were used without further purification.
Preparation and characterization of honeycomb-patterned films
Honeycomb-patterned films were prepared as described in our previous report (9). Polarized microscopic images were
Characterization of honeycomb-patterned cellulose triacetate and cellulose films
The orientations of the cellulose molecular chains in honeycomb-patterned cellulose triacetate films were examined using a polarized microscope equipped with a compensator, as shown in Fig. 1. The interference color shifts from yellow to blue on rotating the specimen through 90° (Fig. 1C and D). When the yellow color of the specimen is perpendicular to the Z-axis of the compensator, the molecular orientation within the honeycomb structure is perpendicular to the Z-axis (Fig. 1C, white circle).
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Prof. R. Malcolm Brown, Jr. at the University of Texas at Austin for valuable comments. We thank Mr. T. Mitsunaga and Ms. A. Takase of the X-ray Research Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation for advice on X-ray diffractometry. Dr. W. Kasai is partly supported by a Research Fellowships of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists. This study is also partially supported by the MAFF Nanotechnology Project of the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries
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A uniaxially oriented nanofibrous cellulose scaffold from pellicles produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus in dissolved oxygen culture
2016, Carbohydrate PolymersCitation Excerpt :These results indicated that the obtained nanofibrous film was fairly flexible, although it showed anisotropic effects (see the photo in Fig. 7). In relation to our previous studies (Higashi & Kondo, 2012; Kondo & Kasai, 2014; Kondo et al., 2002, 2012; Seyama, Suh, & Kondo, 2013) on nematic ordered cellulose (NOC) as a template for 3D-fabrication using biological systems, the obtained oriented nanofibrous film was examined as a template for epitaxial deposition of nanofibers secreted by G. xylinus. When active G. xylinus cells were transferred to the oriented surface, they started to synthesize cellulose ribbons that parallel the nanofiber orientation of the substrate.
A Perspective on Bio-Mediated Material Structuring
2018, Advanced Materials