Estimation issues with PLS and CBSEM: Where the bias lies!☆
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Keywords
Common factor models
Composite models
Reflective measurement
Formative measurement
Structural equation modeling
Partial least squares
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The authors thank George R. Franke (University of Alabama), Edward E. Rigdon (Georgia State University), and the participants of the 2nd International Symposium on Partial Least Squares Path Modeling at the University of Seville for their constructive feedback. The authors also thank Jörg Henseler, University of Twente, The Netherlands, for his support with the replication of Reinartz, Haenlein, and Henseler's study (2009), and with the development of the composite model-based data generation approach. Even though this research does not explicitly refer to the use of the statistical software SmartPLS (http://www.smartpls.com), Ringle acknowledges a financial interest in SmartPLS.
© 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.