Decolorization of adsorbed textile dyes by developed consortium of Pseudomonas sp. SUK1 and Aspergillus ochraceus NCIM-1146 under solid state fermentation
Introduction
More than 10,000 different synthetic dyes are widely used in textile processing industry for dyeing and printing purposes. The fixation rate of synthetic dyes is not 100%, thus they enter into the environment as wastewater. The dye concentrations in the textile processing wastewaters are in the range of 10–200 mg l−1. As dyes are designed to be chemically and photolytically stable, they are highly persistent in natural environment. The release of dye containing wastewater in the natural environment may cause ecotoxic hazards [1]. Direct discharge of huge amount of industrial effluent in combination with increasingly stringent legislation; makes the search for appropriate treatment technologies an important priority [2].
Many industries have used conventional physical and chemical methods such as chemical precipitation, membrane filtration, coagulation, adsorption, and electrolysis for the treatment of textile industry wastewater [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]. These methods are not destructive but they only transfer the contaminants from one form to another, therefore, a new and different kind of pollution problem is being faced which intern calls for further treatment [8], [9], [10]. Out of these all techniques chemical precipitation is most common at Ichalkaranji, India and produce highly recalcitrant textile dye precipitate as chemical precipitate of textile dye effluent (CPTDE). Although, these methods are effective, they suffer from shortcomings such as high cost, formation of hazardous by-products and high energy requirements. Due to these disadvantages, many researchers have tried to develop eco-friendly biological methods for the treatment of industrial effluent.
Bacteria and fungi are widely used for decolorization of textile dyestuff and textile industry wastewater. The biodegradation ability of bacteria is associated with its intracellular and extracellular oxidoreductive enzyme system such as laccase, azoreductase and NADH-DCIP-reductase [11]. However, the biodegradation ability of fungi is associated with its extracellular oxidoreductive enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, laccase, and tyrosinase [12]. The earlier reports showed textile dyes degradation potential of bacterium Pseudomonas sp. SUK1 and fungi Aspergillus ochraceus NCIM-1146 [13], [14], [15], [16] under submerged condition. A consortium favors the use of products formed by one organism by another organism so as to mineralize the complex dye structures in to non-toxic components. The complexity of microbial consortium enables them to act on variety of pollutants [17]. Bacteria and fungi are widely used for the production of industrial enzymes such as α-amylase, xylanase, lignin peroxidase, Mn-peroxidase, laccase and tyrosinase under solid state condition [18], [19]. Very few reports are available on dye decolorization under solid sate fermentation [20].
Agro-industrial residues such as, wheat bran, rice bran, maize bran, gram bran, wheat straw, rice straw, rice husk, soy hull, sago hampas, grapevine trimmings dust, saw dust, corncobs and coconut coir pith are generally considered the best substrates for solid state fermentation processes [21]. Rice bran is a byproduct of the rice milling process. It is used mainly as fertilizer or fuel. Rice bran contains vitamins, carbohydrates, iron, magnesium, copper and calcium [22]. These compounds are environment friendly and are nutritious to the plants. Therefore, the use of solid-state fermentation using rice bran as a substrate for the removal of textile dyestuff from wastewater could offer some apparent economic and engineering advantages over the classical submerged fermentation.
In this work, we are reporting decolorization of the adsorbed textile dyes from textile wastewater and chemical precipitate of textile dye effluent (CPTDE) obtained in chemical treatment method by developed consortium PA under solid state fermentation. We have also studied extracellular enzyme status during decolorization, fate of metabolism of the textile dye reactive navy blue HE2R using GCMS and HPLC analysis by an individual species and in consortium.
Section snippets
Dyestuff, chemicals and microbiological media
All chemicals were of highest purity and of an analytical grade. l-Tyrosine, o-tolidine, veratryl alcohol and microbiological media such as nutrient broth and potato dextrose broth were obtained from Hi-media Laboratory, India.
The textile dyestuff, textile industry effluent and chemical precipitate of textile dye effluent (CPTDE) were obtained from local industry of Ichalkaranji, India. The highly colored effluent of the textile processing industry contained reactive and disperse textile dyes
Adsorption of textile dyestuff on rice bran
The rice bran showed 90, 64 and 80% adsorption for textile dye RNB HE2R, mixture of textile dyes and textile industry wastewater, respectively (Table 1). Rice bran is a cheap adsorbent for the removal of textile dyes [22]. The adsorption of navy blue HE2R on rice bran showed optimum adsorption at pH (6.0) (Fig. 1a) and temperature (50 °C) (Fig. 1b). The rate of adsorption increased with increase in initial RNB HE2R dye concentrations 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 mg l−1, but at the concentration of 240
Conclusion
Pseudomonas sp. SUK1 and A. ochraceus NCIM-1146 were able to degrade dye adsorbed on rice bran under solid state fermentation; however consortium-PA was more efficient than individual microorganisms. Consortium-PA had potential to decolorize CPTDE (highly recalcitrant) when added with rice bran for their growth. Degradation of adsorbed dyes on rice bran could be strongly attributable to the synergistic effect of excreted extracellular enzymes such as, azoreductase, laccase, tyrosinase and
References (36)
- et al.
Treatability studies with chemical precipitation and ion exchange for an organized industrial district (OID) effluent in Bursa, Turkey
Desalination
(2007) - et al.
Characterization of biofilm structure and its effect on membrane permeability in MBR for dye wastewater treatment
Water Res.
(2006) - et al.
Decolorization of reactive dyes using inorganic coagulants and synthetic polymer
Dyes Pigments
(2007) Non-conventional low-cost adsorbents for dye removal: a review
Bioresour. Technol.
(2006)- et al.
Decolorization of basic dye solutions by electrocoagulation: an investigation of the effect of operational parameters
J. Hazard. Mater.
(2006) - et al.
Color removal from textile wastewaters
Water Sci. Technol.
(1996) - et al.
Purification and characterization of an extracellular laccase from a Pseudomonas sp. LBC1 and its application for removal of bisphenol A
J. Mol. Catal. B Enzym.
(2009) - et al.
Biodegradation of reactive textile dye red BLI by an isolated bacterium Pseudomonas sp. SUK1
Bioresour. Technol.
(2008) - et al.
Biodegradation of reactive blue-25 by Aspergillus ochraceus NCIM-1146
Bioresour. Technol.
(2007) - et al.
Removal and degradation of the fungicide dye malachite green from aqueous solution using the system wheat bran–Fomes sclerodermeus
Enzyme Microb. Technol.
(2006)
Investigation of adsorption characteristics of basic red 56 onto gypsum: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Desalination
Kinetic and thermodynamic of textile dye adsorption from aqueous solutions using babassu coconut mesocarp
J. Hazard. Mater.
Physicochemical and kinetic properties of mushroom tyrosinase
J. Biol. Chem.
Removal of Congo Red from water by adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from coir pith, an agriculture solid waste
Dyes Pigments
High-level production of a thermoacidophilic β-glucosidase from Penicillium citrinum YS40-5 by solid-state fermentation with rice bran
Bioresour. Technol.
Biodegradation mechanisms and kinetics of azo dye 4BS by a microbial consortium
Chemosphere
Red HE7B degradation using desulfonation by Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM 2112
Int. Biodeter. Biodegrad.
Exploring fish bioassay of textile dye wastewaters and their selected constituents in terms of mortality and erythrocyte disorders
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
Cited by (112)
Interspecies microbial interactions in bioelectrochemical system and biodegradation: A state of the art review
2023, Science of the Total EnvironmentConstruction of tight ultrafiltration membrane for efficient dye/salt separation with physical and chemical self-healing property
2023, Chemical Engineering JournalSilver niobate-based photocatalysts: Relevance in dye degradation
2023, Chemical Physics ImpactYeast and fungal mediated degradation of synthetic dyes
2023, Current Developments in Bioengineering and Biotechnology: Advances in Eco-friendly and Sustainable Technologies for the Treatment of Textile WastewaterBioremediation of textile dyes using lichens
2023, Current Developments in Bioengineering and Biotechnology: Advances in Eco-friendly and Sustainable Technologies for the Treatment of Textile Wastewater