Review Article
Residual stress analysis of additive manufacturing of metallic parts using ultrasonic waves: State of the art review

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.05.092Get rights and content
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Abstract

Additive manufacturing has become a major growing field in materials engineering, following a new tendency for custom, high precision and on-demand fabrication. Residual stresses are prone to appear in any production technique, which remain a challenge to be measured. These stresses can lead to a reduction on mechanical performance and even cause premature failure. Thus, a wide understanding of residual stress is critical for greater part reliability. Among Non-destructive Testing (NDT) techniques, acoustic and ultrasonic waves remain widely used to determine stresses, voids and defects in a wide array of parts. In this contribution, Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is highlighted as an alternative for measuring residual stress both during and after fabrication.

Keywords

Residual Stress (RS)
Additive Manufacturing (AM)
Non-destructive Testing (NDT)
Ultrasonic Testing (UT)

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R. Acevedo Currently, I hold a PhD position at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC). My research field is on Materials Engineering, more specifically in the Additive Manufacturing of auxetic samples made from a Titanium alloy - Ti6Al4V.

I started my studies of Physics in Brazil at the UFSC with a grant from the National Council of Scientific Research (CNPq) under the direction of Mrs. Menezes on the theme of nuclear physics. Wishing to open up to the international and interested in particular applications in the field of nanotechnology, I followed the Master 2 Research - Nanosciences, Nanocomponents, Nanomeasurements of the Universit´ Paul Sabatier in Toulouse. My internship at LAAS-CNRS under the direction of Mr. Coccetti then allowed me to gain experience in modeling and electrical characterization of ferroelectric materials (BST) for wireless architectures.

The internship realized at LAAS made me discover the field of materials, in which I wished to gain more knowledge through specific studies in the Materials Science field. During the Master in Materials Science, I carried out two research internships at CIRIMAT - UPS. The first, in the framework of the Master 1 Materials Science of UPS, concerned the synthesis of carbon nanotubes. The second, conducted as part of the Master 2 Research Science Materials, Nanomaterials, Multimaterials (SMNM) of UPS, focused on the production of energy nanomaterials based on carbon nanotubes. Through these periods, I was able to develop a sense of analysis necessary in the realization of many experiments.

Furthermore, as the master period ended, I engaged myself in a Doctoral programme at UFSC, but, this time, in the field of Materials Science and Engineering. My subject of research is the fabrication of auxetic Ti6Al4V samples using Selective Laser Melting (SLM) aiming ballistic applications. Part of my research was performed with the collaboration of two institutions: SENAI-Laser from Brazil, in which the research samples were produced; and, IT-CAS, where an important simulation work and several experiments on mechanical behavior of auxetic Ti6Al4V samples were done.

P. Sedlak Graduate and MSc. (Ing.) degree in Physical Engineering at Czech Technical University of Prague. Ph.D. degree in Physical Engineering, FNSPE, Czech Technical University of Prague. At present works as senior researcher at the Thermomechanics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, with emphasis on the development of ultrasonic methods for elastic properties measurement, and development of phenomenological models for SMA.

R. Kolman Graduate in Mechanical Engineering at the Czech Technical University of Prague, speciality Applied Mechanics and Ph.D at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, CTU Prague, speciality Mechanics of Solids, Deformable Bodies and Continua. Currently works at the Thermomechanics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, as a research scientist in the field of computational mechanics and wave propagation in solids.

M. Fredel Graduate at Mechanical Engineering from Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/BR (1986), Master's at Mechanical Engineering from Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/BR (1990) and Ph.D. at the Rheinische-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen/DE (1995). Has experience in Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering on Near Net Shape Powder-based Manufacturing mainly with oxides, PIM, biomaterials, surface and interfacial energy; processing and mechanical behavior of ceramics and composites.