Regenerative EndodonticsHistologic Evaluation of Regenerative Endodontic Procedures with the Use of Chitosan Scaffolds in Immature Dog Teeth with Apical Periodontitis
Section snippets
Animals
The study protocol was approved by the Animal Welfare Committee of the Direção-Geral de Veterinária of Portugal (no. 0420/2011) and complied with the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals (Geneva, 1985).
Based on previous studies 16, 23, 4 male beagle dogs, aged approximately 6 months, had 4 one and 10 two-rooted premolars involved in the study protocol. All experimental teeth were block randomized, and 76 roots were assigned to the test group and 20 to the
Results
The experimental procedures did not cause any change in behavior or eating habits of the dogs. During the follow-up, 1 mesial root from a second lower premolar from the apexification group was lost because of a vertical crown-to-root fracture although the distal root was not excluded from the analysis because the coronal access restoration kept the canal sealed.
Discussion
In this study, a comparative histologic and histomorphometric evaluation was performed in the apexification procedure and 3 variations of REPs in dogs. It was found that REPs that used the induction of a BC allowed for more predictable healing and formation of a vascularized tissue that was devoid of inflammation than the other groups that incorporated the use of chitosan-based scaffolds. In general, the tissues formed in the BC and chitosan groups were composed of a highly vascularized loose
Conclusion
The addition of the chitosan scaffolds to the blood in REPs did not improve the formation of new mineralized tissues along the root canal walls and histologic evidence of regeneration. Despite the use of scaffolds, REPs allowed continued development of root walls with the presence of bonelike tissue, cementum, and periodontal ligament observed in the canal space. Some samples treated with evoked bleeding and the formation of a BC showed evidence of dentin formation in restricted areas of the
Acknowledgment
The authors thank Hard Tissues Histology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra for assistance with the histologic and histomorphometric analyses (Sra D. Cláudia Brites); CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering for synthesis and characterization of the scaffolds; and University of Coimbra and Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro for technical assistance with the animal model (Dr. Humberto Abreu). The authors also thank Dr. Rui Isidro
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