The evolution of the Goss and Cube textures in electrical steel
Introduction
Electrical steel is a soft magnetic material and has high Si contents for reducing the eddy current loss. Grain-oriented electrical steel (GO) has excellent magnetic properties in the rolling direction (RD) and is usually used for the transformer. Because the 〈100〉 direction is the easiest magnetization direction in BCC iron, GO must have the strong Goss {110}〈001〉 or Cube {010}〈100〉 texture. In this study, the evolution of the Goss and Cube textures during the recrystallization (Rex) was investigated. The starting material in experiments was the hot-rolled Fe–3%Si alloy sheet having the shear deformation texture. The evolution of the Rex texture was discussed based on the SERM model which was proposed by Lee [1]. In the model, the Rex texture is determined such that the absolute maximum stress direction (AMSD), which is calculated by slip systems and their activities, is parallel to the minimum Young׳s modulus direction (MYMD) in recrystallized grains to maximize the strain energy release [1], [2].
The measured Rex textures were previously discussed assuming that the deformation behavior is in a stable regime [3]. However, the hot-rolled specimens, which underwent dynamic Rex [3], have a shear texture. Therefore, the deformation behavior may not be in a stable regime. The primary objective of this study is to calculate the cold-rolling texture using the VPSC deformation model and the Rex texture using the SERM model, in which AMSD is calculated from slip systems and their activities are obtained from calculations of the cold-rolling textures.
Section snippets
Material and methods
Fe–3%Si alloy sheets, of which the carbon content is 0.002%, were prepared by vacuum induction melting and hot rolling process, in which the preheating and finishing temperatures were 1100 °C and above 900 °C, respectively. The 1 mm-thick hot-rolled sheets, which undergo no phase transformation, were prepared by cutting the surface layer of 5 mm-thick hot-rolled sheets. The shear-textured sheets were cold-rolled by 80% reduction in thickness, which is equivalent to a true thickness strain of 1.61,
Results and discussion
The texture of the 1 mm-thick hot-rolled sheet is shown in Fig. 1(a). The major components of the hot-rolling texture are {214}〈121〉, {113}〈332〉, {110}〈113〉, and {110}〈001〉. The first three components are close to the S {213}〈364〉, Copper {112}〈111〉, and Brass {110}〈112〉 orientations, respectively. These orientations as well as the Goss orientation are known to be obtained in the shear deformation texture of BCC metals [4].
Fig. 1(b) and (c) show the 80% cold-rolling and Rex textures. The main
Conclusions
The evolution of the Goss and Cube textures in the recrystallized Fe–3%Si alloy sheet has been investigated. The hot-rolled sheets, of which the major components were {214}〈121〉, {113}〈332〉, {110}〈113〉, and {110}〈001〉, were cold-rolled by 80% reduction in thickness and annealed. The {111}〈112〉 orientation and 〈110〉//RD fiber developed in the 80% cold-rolled sheet. The Cube {010}〈100〉 and Goss {110}〈001〉 orientations strongly developed in the recrystallized sheet. According to the calculation of
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