ReviewFunctional foods for health: Focus on diabetes
Section snippets
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting almost 6% of the world's population. The number of diabetic patients will reach 300 million in 2025 [1]. More than 97% of these patients will have type 2 diabetes. Research shows that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is more common in females than in males [2]. In addition, the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the most common complication attributable to diabetes, is more serious among women then men. Notably,
Nuts
Nuts, including peanuts, are documented as having the potential to improve the blood lipid profile in humans [8]. Several epidemiological studies have revealed that people who consume nuts regularly are less likely to suffer from CVD [9], [10]. More recently, interest has developed in the potential value of including nuts in the diets of individuals with diabetes. Data from the Nurses Health Study indicate that there are benefits to consuming higher nut and peanut butter consumption to lower
Omega-3 fatty acids
Dietary or supplemental omega-3 polyunsaturated FAs, mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3), have well documented potent triglyceride (TG) lowering effects in healthy and diabetic subjects. An epidemiological study estimated that replacing 2% of energy from trans-isomer FAs isoenergetically with polyunsaturated fat would lead to a 40% lower risk for type 2 diabetes [20]. Another prospective cohort study of 35,988 older women supported this inverse
Cinnamon
Cinnamon extracts containing polyphenol type-A polymers, have demonstrated insulin-mimetic properties. In vitro and in vivo animal studies have reported strong insulin-like or insulin-potentiating effects after cinnamon administration [36], [37], [38]. A summary of recent studies with cinnamon extracts is made in Table 3. The first clinical trial by Khan showed that relatively low amounts of cinnamon powder supplementation (1 g/d) reduced FBG concentration and improved the blood lipid profile in
Conclusion
In overweight and obese insulin-resistant individuals, modest weight loss has been shown to improve insulin resistance [3], [4], [5], [6]. Thus, weight loss is recommended for all such individuals who have, or are at risk for diabetes. In addition, people with diabetes are encouraged to consume a variety of fiber-containing foods. Studies also show that in individuals consuming a high-glycemic index diet, low-glycemic index diets can produce a modest benefit in controlling postprandial
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Cited by (49)
Use of Dietary Supplements in Living Kidney Donors: A Critical Review
2020, American Journal of Kidney DiseasesCitation Excerpt :Dietary supplement use can influence the assessment of diabetes mellitus during preoperative testing, which is generally assessed by fasting glucose measurement, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, or a measure of glycemic response to an oral glucose load.14,15 For example, individuals taking supplemental doses of cinnamon may have subtle improvements in glycemic control, which can influence interpretation of future diabetes risk.16,17 In a randomized controlled trial of 58 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, ingestion of cinnamon, 2 g, orally daily for 12 days showed a significant reduction in HbA1c levels compared to placebo (mean baseline and day 12 HbA1c values of 8.22% and 7.86% vs 8.55% and 8.68%, respectively).18
Functional Food Consumption and Its Physiological Effects
2019, Bioactive Compounds: Health Benefits and Potential ApplicationsFunctional Food Consumption and Its Physiological Effects
2018, Bioactive Compounds: Health Benefits and Potential ApplicationsCamel's milk concentrate inhibits streptozotocin induced diabetes
2018, Food BioscienceCitation Excerpt :Medical nutrition therapies for diabetes are known to help meet the goals for glucose, blood pressure and lipids (Franz, Boucher, Green-Pastors, & Powers, 2008; Pastors, Franz, Warshaw, Daly, & Arnold, 2003). Traditional foods are known to have a significant role in alleviating the burden of Diabetes mellitus and its complications; however, before being recommended as an adjunctive therapeutic approach, the benefits of traditional foods should be confirmed (Rudkowska, 2009; WHO, 1980). In various traditions, camel's milk has been reported to be a super-food for the management of chronic ailments, particularly diabetes (Khalesi, Salami, Moslehishad, Winterburn, & Moosavi-Movahedi, 2017).
Therapeutic Effect of Fucoxanthin on Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes
2018, Nutritional and Therapeutic Interventions for Diabetes and Metabolic SyndromeRelationship between fermented papaya preparation supplementation, erythrocyte integrity and antioxidant status in pre-diabetics
2014, Food and Chemical ToxicologyCitation Excerpt :Given that chronic inflammation and oxidative stress mechanisms are involved in the pathology of type 2 diabetes, therapeutic interventions using diet- and drug-derived antioxidants to reduce the vulnerability of erythrocytes to oxidative stress continue to be suggested (Aruoma et al., 2007, 2010). Current nutritional recommendations for the prevention of diabetes include modest weight loss, increased fiber intake and the incorporation of functional foods in the diet, such as green tea catechins, pycnogenols, legumes, fruits, vegetables, spices, condiments and beverages that impact insulin action (Aruoma et al., 2007; Rudkowska, 2009; Thielecke and Boschmann, 2009; Zimbadi and Rohdewalde, 2008; Kaushik et al., 2008). Fermented papaya preparation (FPP) is a dietary supplement that is made from the yeast fermentation of ripe pulp of Carica papaya using a biotechnological process that strictly adheres to international quality control regulations.