Synthesis, electrical and dielectric properties of FeVO4 nanoparticles

doi:10.1016/j.physb.2010.10.004

Physica B: Condensed Matter

Volume 406, Issue 1, 1 January 2011, Pages 24-29

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2010.10.004 Get rights and content

Abstract

The electrical and dielectric properties of FeVO₄ nanoparticles were studied at different temperatures from ambient to 200 °C. The samples were prepared by simple co-precipitation method using ferric nitrate and ammonium metavanadate as the starting precursors. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern inferred the single phase formation and triclinic structure of FeVO₄. The morphology of the particles was elucidated from SEM studies. Detailed studies on the electrical and dielectric properties of the compound were carried out by using solid state impedance spectroscopy. A maximum dc conductivity of 4.65×10⁻⁵ S cm⁻¹ was observed at the measuring temperature of 200 °C. The calculated activation energy from dc conductivity was found to be 0.28 eV. It was evident that the electrical transport process in the system was due to the hopping mechanism. The detailed dielectric studies were also carried out.

Introduction

Mixed metal oxides find applications in a variety of fields due to the wide variation in their dielectric and electrical properties. The vanadium based oxide ceramics have high dielectric constant, low dissipation factor and high quality factor, which favour the use of these ceramics in many fields. In FeVO₄ structure, the Fe³⁺ ions have three crystallographic sites above which two sites are in the distorted octahedral FeO₆ and one site is in the distorted trigonal bipyramidal FeO₅ environment [1]. Generally, FeVO₄ (Fe³⁺ and V⁵⁺) has four different polymorphs. FeVO₄-I crystallizes in a triclinic system and the other forms FeVO₄-II, III and IV crystallize in orthorhombic CrVO₄ structure, orthorhombic α-PbO₂ structure and monoclinic wolframite NiWO₄ structures, respectively [2], [3]. Muller and Joubert [2] synthesized FeVO₄-III and IV by high pressure and high temperature synthesis, wherein FeVO₄-II has been reported to exist as the intermediate phase. Oka et al. [4] synthesized such metastable phase of FeVO₄-II under high pressure using hydrothermal method. Hotta et al. [5] reported that there exists a successive transformation from I–II to III–IV with increase in pressure. Due to their peculiar properties, they have been used as the potential material for cathodes in rechargeable batteries [6] and gas sensor material for detecting the trace of H₂S in the air environment [7]. According to the literature survey, a few number of reports are available on the electrical properties of FeVO₄ [8], [9]. Hence, considering the importance of the materials, here the extensive electrical behaviors of the iron vanadate such as the electrical charge transport mechanism through impedance spectra, charge relaxation mechanism and dielectric properties have been reported in detail. The main aim of the present work is to study the detailed investigation on the electrical and dielectric properties of FeVO₄ nanoparticles.

Section snippets

Experimental method

The FeVO₄ nanoparticles were synthesized by the simple co-precipitation method using Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O, NH₄VO₃ and NaOH as the starting precursors. The stoichiometric quantity of ferric nitrate and ammonium metavanadate was dissolved in water individually. NH₄VO₃ is sparingly soluble in water and hence it was heated. The mixed nitrate solution was then added slowly into NH₄VO₃ and then finally into the alkaline NaOH solution. Immediately, the precipitate was formed at room temperature.

Structural and morphological analysis

The typical X-ray diffraction pattern of FeVO₄ is given in Fig. 1. The obtained sharp and well defined peak indicates the highly crystalline nature of the material. The observed diffraction peaks at 16.42, 24.90, 27.18 and 27.55 correspond to the lattice planes of (1 1 0), (1 2 0), (0 1̄ 2) and (2̄ 2 0), respectively, which infer the formation of FeVO₄ structure. The formation of phase pure FeVO₄ without secondary phases such as Fe₂O₃ and V₂O₅ has been confirmed. The calculated lattice parameters are a

Conclusions

The polycrystalline sample of FeVO₄ was prepared by co-precipitation method. XRD pattern confirms the formation of single phase triclinic structure. Surface morphology studied by SEM showed the grain size of the sample to be in the nanometer range. The impedance analysis shows that the conduction process is due to the bulk of the material and infers the negative temperature coefficient of resistance type behavior. The modulus analysis indicates the non-Debye type of conduction relaxation and

Acknowledgement

The authors express their gratitude to Prof. C. Sanjeeviraja, Alagappa University, for extending the XRD facility.

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Citation Excerpt :
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Synthesis, electrical and dielectric properties of FeVO4 nanoparticles

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Experimental method

Structural and morphological analysis

Conclusions

Acknowledgement

J. Solid State Chem.

J. Solid State Chem.

J. Solid State Chem.

J. Solid State Chem.

J. Magn. Magn. Mater

Appl. Catal. B: Environ.

Physica B

Physica B

Solid State Sci.

J. Eur. Ceram. Soc.

J. Alloys Compd.

Solid State Ionics

Solid State Sci.

Mater. Sci. Eng. B

Synthesis, electrical and dielectric properties of FeVO₄ nanoparticles