Task Specific Uncertainty in Coordinate Measurement

doi:10.1016/S0007-8506(07)62995-3

CIRP Annals

Volume 50, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 553-563

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)62995-3 Get rights and content

Abstract

Task specific uncertainty is the measurement uncertainty associated with the measurement of a specific feature using a specific measurement plan. This paper surveys techniques developed to model and estimate task specific uncertainty for coordinate measuring systems, primarily coordinate measuring machines using contacting probes. Sources of uncertainty are also reviewed.

References (124)

HansenH.N. et al.
“An industrial comparison of coordinate measuring machines in Scandinavia with focus on uncertainty statements”
Precision Egineering
(1999)
JouyF. et al.
Theoretical modelisation and experimental identification of the geometrical parameters of coordinate-machines by measuring a multi-directed bar
Annals of the CIRP
(1986)
SartoriS. et al.
Geometric Error Measurement and Compensation of Machines
Annals of the CIRP
(1995)
EstlerW.T.
Error compensation for CMM touch trigger probes
Precision Engineering
(1996)
EstlerW.T.
Practical aspects of touch-trigger probe error compensation
Precision Engineering
(1997)
NawaraL. et al.
Influence of the multicoordinate measuring machine head characteristic on circular profiles measurements
Annals of the CIRP
(1985)
MiguelP.C. et al.
A review on methods for probe performance verification
Measurement
(1998)
WeekersW.G. et al.
Compensation for dynamic errors of coordinate measuring machines
Measurement
(1997)
BryanJ.
Thermal Effects
Annals of the CIRP
(1990)
KruthJ.-P. et al.
Correcting Steady-State Temperature Influences on Coordinate Measuring Machines
J. Mfg. Sys.
(2001)

WeckenmannA.

Functionality-oriented evaluation and sampling strategy in coordinate metrology

Precision Engineering

(1995)

WooT.C. et al.

Dimensional measurement of surfaces and their sampling

Computer Aided Design

(1993)

HenkeR.P.

Methods for evaluation of systematic geometric deviations in machined parts and their relationships to process variables

Precision Engineering

(1999)

BourdetP. et al.

Effects of data point distribution and mathematical model on finding the best-fit sphere to data

Precision Engineering

(1993)

ChoiW. et al.

Sampling uncertainty in coordinate measurement data analysis

Precision Engineering

(1998)

AnbariN. et al.

The influence of surface roughness in dependence of the probe ball radius with measuring the actual size

Annals of the CIRP

(1990)

ShenY.L. et al.

Uncertainties in the acquisition and utilization of coordinate frames in manufacturing systems

Annals of the CIRP

(1991)

PhillipsS.D.

The estimation of measurement uncertainty of small circular features measured by coordinate measuring machines

Precision Engineering

(1998)

PfeiferT. et al.

Task specific gauge for the inspection of coordinate measuring machines

Annals of the CIRP

(1994)

SchwenkeH.

Assessment of uncertainties in dimensional metrology by Monte Carlo simulation: proposal of a modular and visual software

Annals of the CIRP

(2000)

BalsamoA.

Towards instrument-oriented calibration of CMMs

Annals of the CIRP

(1996)

KunzmannH. et al.

On testing coordinate measuring machines (CMM) with kinematic reference standards (KRS)

Annals of the CIRP

(1983)

RaughM.R.

Absolute two-dimensional sub-micron metrology for electron beam lithography: a theory of calibration with applications

Precision Engineering

(1985)

CoorevitsT. et al.

Elimination of geometrical errors by permutations -Application to a rotary table

Annals of the CIRP

(1991)

2 ISO 1101, 1983 Technical Drawings-Geometrical Tolerancing - Toleranced Characteristics and Symbols - Examples of...

JuskoO. et al.

Results of the CIRP-form intercomparison 1996–1998

Annals of the CIRP

(1999)

4 ISO 9000–9004, 2000, Quality Management Systems and supporting documents, ANSI/ASME, New...

5 ISO 14253–1, 1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Inspection by measurement of workpieces and measuring...

6 ISO 17025, 1999, General Requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories, International...

Hansen H.N., De Chiffre L., Savio E., 2001, “Traceability in coordinate metrology”, PRIME 2001 International...

8 ISO, 1993, International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology, International Organization for...

9 ISO, 1993, Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, International Organization for Standardization,...

Taylor, B.N., Kuyatt, C.E., 1994, Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results,...

Phillips, S.D., Borchardt, B., Caskey, G., 1993, Measurement Uncertainty Considerations for Coordinate Measuring...

PhillipsS.D.

Swyt, D.A., 1993, Issues, Concepts, and Standard Techniques in Assessing Accuracy of Coordinate Measuring Machines,...

HockenR.J. et al.

Sampling Issues in Coordinate Metrology

Mfg. Rev.

(1993)

BalsamoA.

Results of the CIRP-Euromet intercomparison of ball plate-based techniques for determining CMM parametric errors

Annals of the CIRP

(1997)

Cox, M.G., Forbes, A.B., Peggs, G.N., 2001, Simulation techniques for uncertainty estimation in co-ordinate metrology,...

Forbes, A.B., Harris, P.M., 2000, Simulated instruments and uncertainty estimation, NPL No. CMSC 01/00, National...

Knapp, W., 1998, Measurement Uncertainty on Coordinate Measuring Machines, 6th ISMQC IMEKO Symposium, Metrology for...

KunzmannH. et al.

A uniform concept for calibration, acceptance test, and periodic inspection of coordinate measuring machines using reference objects

Annals of the CIRP

(1990)

Hansen, H. N., De Chiffre, L., and Savio, E., 2001, “Traceability in coordinate metrology”, Proc. PRIME 2001, Sestri...

De Chiffre L., and Hansen H.N., 1997, “Results from an industrial comparison of coordinate measuring machines in...

Meneghello, R., De Chiffre, L., Balsamo, A., 2001, Precision of Coordinate Measurements in Industry: AUDIT ITALIANO,...

TeeuwsenJ.W.M.C et al.

A General Method for Error Description of CMMs Using Polynomial Fitting Procedures

Annals of the CIRP

(1989)

HansenH.N. et al.

An approach to uncertainty estimation in coordinate metrology

Proc. of the Ninth International Precision Engineering Seminar

(1997)

Hansen H.N., 1998, “A database system for uncertainty estimation in coordinate metrology”, Proc. of the 6th IMEKO...

Porta, C., Waldele, F., 1986, Testing of Three Coordinate Measuring Machine Evaluation Algorithms, PTB Report EUR 10909...

Cited by (191)

Practical experimental design and uncertainty evaluation method for dimensional and form measurements using coordinate measuring machines
2024, Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation
This study introduces a feasible method for estimating uncertainty in dimension and form measurements using a coordinate measuring machine. Herein, products with various geometries are measured and their conformity to the corresponding specifications is verified considering the measurement uncertainty. The uncertainty calculation method, which is feasible in production and consistently applicable to measurements ranging from simple to complex geometries, is in the developmental phase due to the complicated uncertainty factors in three‐dimensional measurement. Thus, this study reports the details of an experimental design that is independent of the geometric complexity of the workpiece being measured. Based on the analysis of variance, the calculation of the measurement uncertainty was formulated. Additionally, the validity of the proposed method was confirmed through a comparison experiment, demonstrating that the calibration results obtained using the proposed procedure align with those obtained via other established approaches. (140 words)
Two different experimental approaches for the uncertainty determination of X-ray computed tomography dimensional measurements on lattice structures
2023, CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology
X-ray computed tomography (CT) is increasingly used in industrial dimensional metrology. However, the establishment of metrological traceability can be challenging for CT dimensional measurements, as the evaluation of their uncertainty is generally non-trivial. Moreover, uncertainty determination becomes even more difficult when dealing with complex measurement tasks, such as in the case of lattice structures produced by additive manufacturing, characterized by features not accessible from the outside and/or by complex surface topographies, which are problematic to be calibrated using other measuring principles to ensure sufficiently low calibration uncertainty. This paper presents a critical investigation of two different experimental approaches for the uncertainty determination of CT dimensional measurements performed on components with inaccessible and/or complex geometries, as well as complex surface topography. The first approach, the “substitution method”, is applied in this work using a newly developed reference object as the basis for the uncertainty assessment procedure through substitution measurements. The second one, the “multiple measurements approach”, is based on repeated measurements both on the uncalibrated workpiece in multiple orientations and on simple calibrated standards. This second approach, initially introduced some years ago for tactile coordinate measuring machines, is now investigated in this work for its application to CT metrology. The two approaches are discussed and compared through an industrial case study: the dimensional verification of lattice structures fabricated by metal additive manufacturing. For the selected case, both approaches yielded comparable measurement results and uncertainties. Finally, the multiple measurements approach was further investigated by applying it to the CT measurement of the calibrated object. The paper also discusses the open issues of both methods and outlines directions for future investigations.
Determination of uncertainty of coordinate measurements on the basis of the formula for EL,MPE
2023, Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation
A technique of estimating the uncertainty of coordinate measurements, called the sensitivity analysis method according to ISO/TS 15530-1, developed at University of Bielsko-Biała, is presented. Measurement uncertainty is estimated on the basis of information contained in the formula for the maximum permissible error (E_L,MPE) of the applied coordinate measuring system (CMS) and on the basis of its acceptance or reverification test results. Measurement models are of the nature of close mathematical dependencies expressing the measured characteristic in the form of a distance which is a function of coordinates differences of a low number of essential points, properly selected on the workpiece. Measurement models for dimensions and various geometrical deviations were developed. Thanks to the applied vector notation the models are in the form of cross and dot products and they are easily programmable in software such as Matlab, Maple or Python. Detailed examples of the uncertainty analysis for two characteristics (position deviations of the axes of the holes in relation to the datum system) of a car steering knuckle are provided.
Virtual task-specific measurement uncertainty determination for laser scanning
2023, Precision Engineering
The framework of the Geometrical Product Specification defines the nominal geometry of the components and the characteristic tolerances. Various ISO standards describe the nine defined geometrical properties per characteristic of a workpiece. To prove conformance to the task specific tolerances according ISO 14253–1, the uncertainty budget needs to be determined. This paper presents a digital twin of an optical measurement system as a holistic concept to perform the task specific uncertainty determination. Different measurement strategies are applied to illustrate their effect on the measurement uncertainty of geometrical properties. Not all geometrical properties are relevant for an optical measurement system. Therefore, the discussed properties as a function of the optical measurement strategy in this paper are: size, distance, form and orientation.
Validation of the sensitivity analysis method of coordinate measurement uncertainty evaluation
2022, Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation
The paper presents the results of the tests carried out to validate a new method for evaluating the uncertainty of coordinate measurements categorised as the Sensitivity Analysis (SA). This method concerns measuring dimensions and geometrical deviations. Measurement uncertainty is evaluated on the basis of information given in the Maximum Permissible Error (MPE) formula for a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). Measurement models express the measured characteristics as a function of differences of coordinates of a small number of appropriately selected points of the workpiece. If reverification test results for the CMM used are available, then the estimated uncertainty takes into account the actual accuracy of the CMM. General formulae are given to calculate the uncertainty of measurement of a circle diameter and coaxiality. The relevant experiment is based on ISO 15530-3 recommendations. A calibrated cylindrical square was used for validation. 17 circles’ diameters and 84 different combinations of datum length and distance of the toleranced element from the datum for measuring coaxiality were adopted as validated characteristics. The validation results are presented in tables and graphs and the chi-square test for equality of variances was used to confirm that the method is correct. The validation results are positive.
GD&T task specific measurement uncertainty evaluation for manufacturing floor
2021, Measurement: Sensors
The shapes of industrial products are expressed as the features defined by the manner of Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) for the purpose of product manufacturing. Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are widely used for products' geometrical features inspection in manufacturing floors. For proper product quality control, the verification results shall be validated with the consideration of measurement uncertainty related to the test. There exists difficulty in the evaluation of the task specific uncertainty of dimensional measurement using CMMs. That is because of the several number of uncertainty contributors caused by the complex mechanical components of CMMs and the environmental variations through the measurements. In this research, an easy-to-execute verification procedure of GD&T inspection and its task specific uncertainty evaluation is developed. The values of products’ geometrical features and their measurement uncertainties can be calculated. The method is widely available on the facilities installed in ordinal manufacturing floors.

View all citing articles on Scopus

View full text

Task Specific Uncertainty in Coordinate Measurement

Abstract

Precision Egineering

Annals of the CIRP

Annals of the CIRP

Precision Engineering

Precision Engineering

Annals of the CIRP

Measurement

Measurement

Annals of the CIRP

J. Mfg. Sys.

Precision Engineering

Computer Aided Design

Precision Engineering

Precision Engineering

Precision Engineering

Annals of the CIRP

Annals of the CIRP

Precision Engineering

Annals of the CIRP

Annals of the CIRP

Annals of the CIRP

Annals of the CIRP

Precision Engineering

Annals of the CIRP

Results of the CIRP-form intercomparison 1996–1998

Annals of the CIRP

Sampling Issues in Coordinate Metrology

Mfg. Rev.

Results of the CIRP-Euromet intercomparison of ball plate-based techniques for determining CMM parametric errors

Annals of the CIRP

A uniform concept for calibration, acceptance test, and periodic inspection of coordinate measuring machines using reference objects

Annals of the CIRP

A General Method for Error Description of CMMs Using Polynomial Fitting Procedures

Annals of the CIRP

An approach to uncertainty estimation in coordinate metrology

Proc. of the Ninth International Precision Engineering Seminar