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Assessing Fitness Costs from a Herbicide-Resistance Management Perspective: A Review and Insight

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 November 2018

Eshagh Keshtkar Open the ORCID record for Eshagh Keshtkar [Opens in a new window] ,
Roohollah Abdolshahi ,
Hamidreza Sasanfar Open the ORCID record for Hamidreza Sasanfar [Opens in a new window] ,
Eskandar Zand ,
Roland Beffa ,
Franck E. Dayan Open the ORCID record for Franck E. Dayan [Opens in a new window]  and
Per Kudsk Open the ORCID record for Per Kudsk [Opens in a new window]
Eshagh Keshtkar*
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Roohollah Abdolshahi
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
Hamidreza Sasanfar
Affiliation:
Academic Researcher, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
Eskandar Zand
Affiliation:
Professor, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
Roland Beffa
Affiliation:
Team Leader, Bayer AG, Division CropScience, Weed Control, Weed Resistance Research, Frankfurt, Germany
Franck E. Dayan
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Per Kudsk
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
*
Author for correspondence: Eshagh Keshtkar, Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, 1497713111 Tehran, Iran. (Email: keshtkar@modares.ac.ir)
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Abstract

In recent years, herbicide resistance has attracted much attention as an increasingly urgent problem worldwide. Unfortunately, most of that effort was focused on confirmation of resistance and characterization of the mechanisms of resistance. For management purposes, knowledge about biology and ecology of the resistant weed phenotypes is critical. This includes fitness of the resistant biotypes compared with the corresponding wild biotypes. Accordingly, fitness has been the subject of many studies; however, lack of consensus on the concept of fitness resulted in poor experimental designs and misinterpretation of the ensuing data. In recent years, methodological protocols for conducting proper fitness studies have been proposed; however, we think these methods should be reconsidered from a herbicide-resistance management viewpoint. In addition, a discussion of the inherent challenges associated with fitness cost studies is pertinent. We believe that the methodological requirements for fitness studies of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes might differ from those applied in other scientific disciplines such as evolutionary ecology and genetics. Moreover, another important question is to what extent controlling genetic background is necessary when the aim of a fitness study is developing management practices for resistant biotypes. Among the methods available to control genetic background, we suggest two approaches (single population and pedigreed lines) as the most appropriate methods to detect differences between resistant (R) and susceptible (S) populations and to derive herbicide-resistant weed management programs. Based on these two methods, we suggest two new approaches that we named the “recurrent single population” and “recurrent pedigreed lines” methods. Importantly, whenever the aim of a fitness study is to develop optimal resistance management, we suggest selecting R and S plants within a single population and evaluating all fitness components from seed to seed instead of measuring changes in the frequency of R and S alleles through multigenerational fitness studies.

Keywords

William Vencill, University of GeorgiaExperimental designfitness componentsfitness penaltygenetic backgroundherbicide resistanceNTSRTSR
Type
Review
Information
Weed Science , Volume 67 , Issue 2 , March 2019 , pp. 137 - 148
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2018 

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