Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 69
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
June 2014
Print publication year:
2011
Online ISBN:
9780511975370

Book description

The Baltic region is frequently neglected in broader histories of Europe and its international significance can be obscured by separate treatments of the various Baltic states. With this wide-ranging survey, Andrejs Plakans presents an integrated history of three Baltic peoples - Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians - and draws out the common threads to show how it has been shaped by their location in a strategically desirable corner of Europe. Subordinated in turn by Baltic German landholders, the Polish nobility and gentry, and then by Russian and Soviet administrators, the three nations have nevertheless kept their distinctive identities - significantly retaining three separate languages in an ethnically diverse region. The book traces the countries' evolution from their ninth-century tribal beginnings to their present status as three thriving and separate nation states, focusing particularly on the region's complex twentieth-century history, which culminated in the eventual re-establishment of national sovereignty after 1991.

Reviews

‘A masterful survey of the history of the eastern Baltic littoral by one of the leading authorities in the field. Plakans’ book provides the most accessible account to date of the rise of modern nationhood and of the commonalities of fate that have bound the peoples of the region during the modern era. Essential reading for anyone interested in understanding contemporary Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.’

David J. Smith - University of Glasgow

‘A tour de force of concise and yet comprehensive history - probably the most complete and nuanced in any language. Plakans traces the footsteps of hunter-gatherers and farmers moving north with retreating glaciers to the struggles of contemporary Estonians, Latvians, and Lithuanians as they labor to maintain their national identities amid globalized interdependence. He discerns no simple patterns and notes the distinct trajectories of each people. The author underscores what is not known, particularly about earlier times, but weaves abundant factual information into the narrative.’

Walter C. Clemens, Jr - Boston University

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

Suggested readings
General
Flint, David.The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania. Brookfield, Conn.: Millbrook Press, 1992.
Hiden, John, and Salmon, Patrick. The Baltic Nations and Europe: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in the Twentieth Century. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1995.
Kiaupa, Zigmas.The History of Lithuania. Vilnius: Baltos Lanka, 2002.
Miljan, Toivo.Historical Dictionary of Estonia. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2004.
O'Connor, Kevin. Culture and Customs of the Baltic States. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2006.
O'Connor, KevinThe History of the Baltic States. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2003.
Plakans, Andrejs. Historical Dictionary of Latvia. Second edition. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2008.
Plakans, AndrejsThe Latvians: A Short History. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1995.
Raun, Toivo U. Estonia and the Estonians. Second edition. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1991.
Rubulis, Aleksis, ed. Baltic Literature: A Survey of Finnish, Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian Literatures. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1970.
Smith, Inese, and Grunts, Marita V.. The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania. World Bibliographical Series No. 161. Oxford: Clio Press, 1993.
Suziedelis, Saulius. Historical Dictionary of Lithuania. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1997.
The peoples of the eastern Baltic littoral
Bojtár, Endre. Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People. Budapest: Central European University Press, 1999.
Gimbutas, Marija. Ancient Symbolism in Lithuanian Folk Art. Philadelphia: American Folklore Society, 1958.
Gimbutas, MarijaThe Balts. New York: Praeger, 1963.
Gimbutas, MarijaThe Slavs. New York: Praeger, 1971.
Greimas, Algridas Julien. Of Gods and Men: Studies in Lithuanian Mythology. Translated by Newman, Milda. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992.
Mallory, J. P.In Search of Indo-Europeans: Language, Archeology, and Myth. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1989.
Saks, Edgar V.The Estonian Vikings. Cardiff: Boreas, 1985.
Spekke, Arnolds. The Ancient Amber Routes and the Geographical Discovery of the Eastern Baltic. Stockholm: M. Goppers, 1957.
Spekke, ArnoldsThe Baltic Sea in Ancient Maps. Stockholm: M. Goppers, 1957.
Velius, Norbertas. The World Outlook of the Ancient Balts. Vilnius: Mintis, 1989.
The new order, 1200–1500
Blomkvist, Nils. The Discovery of the Baltic: The Reception of a Catholic World System in the European North (1075–1225). Leiden: Brill, 2005.
Burleigh, Michael. “Scandinavia and the Baltic frontier: The Military Orders in the Baltic.” In New Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. V. Edited by Abulafia, David. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Christiansen, Eric. The Northern Crusades: The Baltic and the Catholic Frontier 1100–1525. London: Macmillan, 1980.
The Chronicle of Balthasar Russow: A Forthright Rebuttal by Elert Kruse; Errors and Mistakes of Balthasar Russow by Heinrich Tisenhausen. Translated and edited by Smith, Jerry C., Eichhoff, Juergen, and Urban, William L.. Madison, Wis.: Baltic Studies Center, 1988.
The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia. Edited and translated by Brundage, James A.. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1961.
Gieysztor, Aleksander. “The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 1370–1506.” In New Cambridge Modern History. Vol. VII. Edited by Allmand, Christopher. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Halecki, Oscar. Borderlands of Western Civilization: A History of East Central Europe. New York: Ronald, 1952.
Halecki, OscarJadwiga of Anjou and the Rise of East Central Europe. Boulder: East European Monographs, 1991.
Salomon Henning's Chronicle of Courland and Livonia. Translated and edited by Smith, Jerry C., Urban, William, and Jones, Ward. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt, 1992.
The Livonian Rhymed Chronicle. Translated by Smith, Jerry C. and Urban, William. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1977.
Mänd, Anu. Urban Carnival: Festive Culture in the Hanseatic Cities of the Eastern Baltic, 1350–1550. Turnhout: Brepols, 2005.
Rowell, S. C. “Baltic Europe.” In New Cambridge Modern History. Vol. VI. Edited by Jones, Michael. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Rowell, S. C. “Eastern Europe: The Central European Kingdoms.” In New Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. V. Edited by Abulafia, David. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Rowell, S. C.Lithuania Ascending: A Pagan Empire within East-Central Europe, 1295–1345. Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Urban, William. The Baltic Crusade. First edition, Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1975; second edition, Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center, 1994.
Urban, WilliamThe Livonian Crusade. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1981.
The new order reconfigured, 1500–1710
Andersen, N. K. “The Reformation in Scandinavia and the Baltic.” In The New Cambridge Modern History of Europe. Vol. II. The Reformation. Edited by Elton, G. R.. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Dembkowski, Harry E.The Union of Lublin: Polish Federalism in the Golden Age. Boulder: East European Monographs, 1982.
Frost, Robert I.After the Deluge: Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War 1655–1669. Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Frost, Robert I.The Northern Wars: War, State, and Society in Northeastern Europe, 1558–1721. Harlow: Longman, 2000.
Kirby, David. Northern Europe in the Early Modern Period: The Baltic World 1492–1772. London: Longman, 1990.
Kirchner, Walther. The Rise of the Baltic Question. Newark, Del.: University of Delaware Press, 1954.
Kurman, George. The Development of Written Estonian. The Hague: Mouton, 1968.
Lindquist, Sven-Olof, ed. Economy and Culture in the Baltic 1650–1700. Visby: Gotlands Fornsal, 1989.
Lisk, Jill. The Struggle for Supremacy in the Baltic, 1660–1725. New York: Minerva Press, 1968.
Renner, Johannes. Livonian History 1556–1561. Translated by Smith, Jerry C. and Urban, William. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 1997.
Roberts, Michael.The Swedish Imperial Experience. London: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
Ross, Kristiina and Pēteris Vanags, eds.Common Roots of the Latvian and Estonian Literary Languages. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2008.
Stiles, Andrina. Sweden and the Baltic 1523–1721. London: Hodder Arnold, 1992.
Stone, Daniel. The Polish-Lithuanian State 1386–1795. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001.
Installing hegemony: the littoral and tsarist Russia, 1710–1800
Berkis, Alexander V.The History of the Duchy of Courland, 1561–1795. Towson, Md.: Harrod, 1969.
Brakas, Martin. Lithuania Minor: A Collection of Studies of Her History and Ethnography. New York: Lithuanian Research Institute, 1976.
Hundert, Gershon David.Jews in Poland-Lithuania in the Eighteenth Century: A Genealogy of Modernity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.
Kaplan, Herbert H.The First Partition of Poland. New York: Columbia University Press, 1962.
Lord, Robert H.The Second Partition of Poland: A Study in Diplomatic History. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1915.
Lukowaski, Jerzy. Liberty's Folly: The Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Eighteenth Century, 1697–1795. London: Routledge, 1991.
Peterson, Claes. Peter the Great's Administrative and Judicial Reforms: Swedish Antecedents and the Process of Reception. Stockholm: Nordiska Bokhandeln, 1979.
Rosman, M. J.The Lord's Jews: Magnate–Jewish Relations in the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Ukrainian Institute, 1990.
Shulvass, Moses A.From East to West: The Westward Migration of Jews from Eastern Europe during the 17th and 18th Centuries. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1971.
Stone, Daniel. Polish Politics and National Reform 1775–1788. Boulder: East European Monographs, 1976.
Reforming and controlling the Baltic littoral, 1800–1855
Klier, John Doyle. Russia Gathers Her Jews: The Origins of the “Jewish Question” in Russia. Dekalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, 1986.
Leslie, R. F.Polish Politics and the Revolution of November 1830. University of London, 1956.
Raun, Toivo. “The Development of Estonian Literacy in the 18th and 19th Centuries.” Journal of Baltic Studies 10 (1979), 115–126.
Starr, S. Frederick. Decentralization and Self-Government in Russia: 1830–1870. Princeton University Press, 1972.
Thackeray, Frank W.Antecedents of Revolution: Alexander I and the Polish Kingdom, 1815–1825. Boulder: East European Monographs, 1980.
Thaden, Edward C.Russia's Western Borderlands, 1710–1870. Princeton University Press, 1984.
Yaney, George. The Systematization of Russian Government: Social Evolution in the Domestic Administration of Imperial Russia. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1973.
Wandycz, Piotr.The Lands of Partitioned Poland, 1795–1918. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1974.
Weeks, Theodore. “Managing Empire: Tsarist Nationality Policy.” In The Cambridge History of Russia. Vol. II. Imperial Russia 1689–1917. Edited by Lieven, Dominic. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Five decades of transformations, 1855–1905
Henriksson, A.The Tsar's Loyal Germans: The Riga German Community: Social Change and the Nationality Question, 1855–1905. Boulder: East European Monographs, 1983.
Kirby, David. The Baltic World 1772–1993: Europe's Northern Periphery in an Age of Change. London: Longman, 1995.
Krapauskas, Virgil. Nationalism and Historiography: The Case of Nineteenth Century Lithuanian Historicism. Boulder: East European Monographs, 2000.
Loit, Aleksander, ed. National Movements in the Baltic Countries during the 19th Century. University of Stockholm, 1985.
Senn, Alfred E.Jonas Basanavičius: Patriarch of Lithuania's National Rebirth. Newton, Mass.: Oriental Research Partners, 1980.
Staliunas, Darius.Making Russians: Meaning and Practice of Russification in Lithuania and Belarus after 1863. New York and Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2007.
Thaden, Edward, ed. Russification in the Baltic Provinces and Finland, 1855–1914. Princeton University Press, 1981.
Tobias, Henry Jack.The Jewish Bund in Russia from its Origins to 1905. Stanford University Press, 1972.
Whelan, Heide.Family, Caste, and Capitalism among the Baltic German Nobility. Cologne: Bőhlau Verlag, 1999.
Statehood in troubled times, 1905–1940
Crowe, David.The Baltic States and the Great Powers 1938–1940: Foreign Relations. Boulder: Westview Press, 1993.
Graham, M. W.The Diplomatic Recognition of the Border States: Latvia. Publications of the University of California at Los Angeles in Social Sciences 3. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1939–1941.
Hiden, John W.The Baltic States and Weimar Ostpolitik. Cambridge University Press, 1987.
Hiden, John W., and Loit, Aleksander, eds. The Baltic in International Relations between the Two World Wars. University of Stockholm, 1988.
Hovi, Olavi.The Baltic Area in British Policy 1918–1921. Helsinki: Finnish Historical Society, 1980.
Kasekamp, Andres.The Radical Right in Interwar Estonia. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000.
Mansbach, S. A.Modern Art in Eastern Europe: From the Baltic to the Balkans, ca. 1890–1939. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Page, Stanley W.The Formation of the Baltic States: A Study of the Effects of Great Power Policies on the Emergence of Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1959; reprinted New York: Howard Fertig, 1970.
Parming, Tönu.The Collapse of Liberal Democracy and the Rise of Authoritarianism in Estonia. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1975.
Rauch, Georg von.The Baltic States. Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania: The Years of Independence 1917–1940. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974.
Rogers, H. I.Search for Security: A Study in Baltic Diplomacy 1920–1934. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1975.
Sabaliunas, Leonas.Lithuania in Crisis: Nationalism to Communism 1939–1940. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1972.
Sabaliunas, Leonas.Lithuanian Social Democracy in Perspective 1893–1914. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1990.
Senn, Alfred E.The Emergence of Modern Lithuania. New York: Columbia University Press, 1959.
Senn, Alfred E.The Great Powers, Lithuania, and the Vilna Question. Leiden: Brill, 1966.
Simutis, Anicetas.The Economic Reconstruction of Lithuania after 1918. New York: Columbia University Press, 1942.
Tarulis, A. N.Soviet Policy toward the Baltic States 1918–1940. University of Notre Dame Press, 1959.
Tuskenis, Edvardas, ed. Lithuania in European Politics: The Years of the First Republic 1918–1940. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997.
Vardys, V. Stanley, and Misiunas, Romuald J., eds. The Baltic States in Peace and War 1917–1945. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1978.
The return of empires, 1940–1991
Allworth, Edward, ed. Nationality Group Survival in Multi-Ethnic States: Shifting Support Patterns in the Soviet Baltic Region. London: Praeger, 1977.
Clemens, Walter C.Baltic Independence and Russian Empire. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991.
Eksteins, Modris.Walking since Daybreak: A Story of Eastern Europe, World War II, and the Heart of our Century. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999.
Ezergailis, Andrew.The Holocaust in Latvia, 1941–1944: The Missing Center. Riga: The Historical Institute of Latvia, in association with the United States Holocaust Museum, 1996.
Gordon, Harry.The Shadow of Death: The Holocaust in Lithuania. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky, 1992.
Hiden, John, and Housden, Martyn. Neighbors or Enemies: Germans, the Baltic, and Beyond. New York and Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2008.
Hiden, John, and Lane, Thomas, eds. The Baltic and the Outbreak of the Second World War. Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Karklins, Rasma.Ethnic Relations in the USSR: The Perspective from Below. Boston: Allen and Unwin, 1986.
Kavass, Igor I., and Sprūdžs, Adolph, eds. Baltic States: A Study of their Origin and National Development, their Seizure and Incorporation into the USSR. New York: William Hein, 1972.
Loeber, Dietrich A., Vardys, V. Stanley, and Kitching, Laurence P., eds. Regional Identity under Soviet Rule: The Case of the Baltic States. Hackettstown, N.J.: AABS, 1990.
Lumans, Valdis.Latvia in World War II. New York: Fordham University Press, 2006.
Maley, William.The Politics of Baltic Nationalism. Canberra, Australia: Research School of Pacific Studies, 1990.
Misiunas, R. J., and Taagepera, Rein. The Baltic States: Years of Dependence 1940–1980. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983; expanded and updated edition, 1993.
Nikzentaitis, Alvydas, Schreiner, Stefan, and Staliunas, Darius, eds. The Vanished Worlds of Lithuanian Jews. New York and Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2004.
Parming, Tönu, and Jarvesoo, Elmar, eds. A Case Study of a Soviet Republic: The Estonian SSR. Boulder: Westview Press, 1978.
Rosenfeld, Alla, and Dodge, Norton T., eds. Art of the Baltics: The Struggle for Freedom of Artistic Expression under the Soviets, 1945–1991. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press and Jane Vorhees Zimmerli Art Museum, 2002.
Senn, Alfred E.Lithuania 1940: Revolution from Above. New York: Rodopi, 2007.
Swain, Geoff.Between Stalin and Hitler: Class War and Race War on the Dvina, 1940–1946. London: Routledge, 2004.
Taagepera, Rein.Softening without Liberalization in the Soviet Union: The Case of Juri Kukk. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1984.
Thomson, Clare.The Singing Revolution: A Political Journey through the Baltic States. London: Michael Joseph, 1992.
Vardys, V. Stanley.The Catholic Church, Dissent, and Nationality in Soviet Lithuania. Boulder: East European Quarterly, 1978.
Vardys, V. Stanley, ed. Lithuania under the Soviets: Portrait of a Nation, 1940–1965. New York: Praeger, 1965.
Vizulis, J. I.The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 1939: The Baltic Case. New York: Praeger, 1990.
Yekelchyk, Serhy. “The Western Republics: Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, and the Baltics.” Cambridge History of Russia. Vol. III. The Twentieth Century. Edited by Suny, Ronald Grigor. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Reentering Europe, 1991–
Alanen, Ilkka.Mapping the Rural Problem in the Baltic Countryside: Transition Processes in the Rural Areas of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004.
Bager, Torben, and Oldrup, Helene. Farm Structure and Farmer Attitudes in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Esbjerg: South Jutland University, 1997.
Clemens, Walter C.The Baltic Transformed: Complexity Theory and European Security. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001.
Dreifelds, Juris.Latvia in Transition. Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Galbreath, David. J.Nation-Building and Minority Politics in Post-Socialist States: Interests, Influences and Identities in Estonia and Latvia. Stuttgart: Ibidemverlag, 2005.
Hansen, Birthe, and Heurlin, Bertel, eds. The Baltic States in World Politics. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.
Hood, Neil, Kilis, Robert, and Vahlne, Jan-Erik, eds. Transition in the Baltic States: Micro-level Studies. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997.
Karklins, Rasma.The System Made Me Do It: Corruption in Post-Communist Societies. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 2005.
Kelertas, Violeta, ed. Baltic Postcolonialism. New York and Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2006.
Lieven, Anatol.The Baltic Revolution: Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and the Path to Independence. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1993.
Mourtizen, Hans, ed. Bordering Russia: Theory and Prospects for Europe's Baltic Rim. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998.
Riislaki, Jukka.The Case for Latvia. Disinformation Campaigns against a Small Nation. New York and Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2008.
Schwartz, Katrina Z. S.Nature and National Identity after Communism: Globalizing the Ethnoscape. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2006.
Senn, Alfred E.Gorbachev's Failure in Lithuania. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995.
Senn, Alfred E.Lithuania Awakening. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.
Silova, Iveta.From Sites of Occupation to Symbols of Multiculturalism: Reconceptualizing Minority Education in Post-Soviet Latvia. Greenwich, Conn.: Information Age Publishing, 2006.
Skultans, Vieda.The Testimony of Lives: Narrative and Memory in Post-Soviet Latvia. London: Routledge, 1998.
Smith, David J., Pabriks, Artis, Purs, Aldis, and Lane, Thomas. The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. London: Routledge, 2002.
Smith, Graham, ed. The Baltic States: The National Self-determination of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994.
Subrenat, Jean-Jacques, ed. Estonia: Identity and Independence. New York and Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2004.
Brian, Arkadie, and Karlson, Mats. Economic Survey of the Baltic States. New York University Press, 1992.
Vihalemm, Peeter, ed. Baltic Media in Transition. Tartu University Press, 2002.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.