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XXIII.—The Expedition to the South Pacific of the S.Y. “St. George.”* Marine Ecology and Coral Formations in the Panama Region, the Galapagos and Marquesas Islands, and the Atoll of Napuka

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2012

Cyril Crossland
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Extract

Two contrasted oceanographical regions are dealt with in this paper, the fauna of the eastern Pacific being distinct from that of the Marquesas, which are the farthest outliers of the western ocean. In each of these two regions again are two divisions of markedly different ecology, physical conditions in the Galapagos being as great a contrast as could well be to those of the coast of Panama, while the Marquesas Islands differ from their neighbours farther west, which are either atolls, or high islands surrounded by broad reefs, in being without coral deposits of any considerable size, and certainly no true reefs. The corals afford a striking example of the contrast between the two main regions; in Panama the only abundant coral is Pocillopora, in the Marquesas the only “reef” is of Porites, and the other deposits depend upon this genus for their existence. Several species of Pocillopora are abundant in the Marquesas, but are all distinct from those of Panama.

Type
Research Article
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 55 , Issue 2 , 1927 , pp. 531 - 554
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1927

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References

page 531 note † Cf. Fox, H. M., “Cambridge Expedition to the Suez Canal,” Trans. Zool. Soc., 1926.

page 532 note * Vaughan, T. Wayland, Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. xxix, pp. 615–630, 1918CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

page 532 note † During cold-water period only (January to April); during remainder of the year 76° to 84° F.

page 533 note * Proc. Zool. Soc., 1924, “Polychæta of Tropical East Africa, the Red Sea, and Cape Verde Islands, collected by Cyril Crossland, and of the Maldive Archipelago, collected by Professor Stanley Gardiner, M.A., F.R.S.”

page 539 note * Agassiz, , Amer. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. xxiii, 1892–1893, p. 64Google Scholar.

page 540 note * For a geological description of Tagus Cove and the Galapagos and Marquesas Islands generally, see Chubb, L. J., M.Sc., “The St George Scientific Expedition,” Geological Magazine, vol. lxxii, pp. 369–373, August 1925CrossRefGoogle Scholar, or his full account in Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, 1927.

page 541 note * Cf. Crossland, C., “Ecology and Deposits of the Cape Verde Islands,” Proc. Zool. Soc., 1905, p. 170Google Scholar.

page 541 note † This gorgonian is a new species, and is being described by Professor S. J. Hickson under the name Gorgonia galapagensis.

page 541 note ‡ Pocock, , “A Marine Spider of the genus Desis,” Proc. Zool. Soc., 1902, p. 389Google Scholar.

page 543 note * But cf. the Red Sea.

page 544 note * Agassiz, A., “Albatross Tropical Pacific Expedition,” Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. xxviii, 1903, p. 4Google Scholar; also Bulletin, vol. xxiii, No. 1, 1892 (Galapagos, etc.)Google Scholar.

page 544 note † Crossland, C., Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. xxxiGoogle Scholar, and Desert and Sea Gardens of the Red Sea, Cambridge University Press, 1913Google Scholar.

page 546 note * Hickson, S. J., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1898, p. 246, and Willey's Zoological Results, Cambridge University Press, 1902, p. 121.

page 549 note * I owe the opportunity of examining these, and the large additions to my collections made here, to the very kind hospitality of the Rev. Père Siméon Delmas, whose large collection of Mollusca corroborates the contention that prolonged work here might modify our views on geographical distribution in oceanic islands.