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A parametric study of breaking bow waves using a 2D + T Technique

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 October 2011

Eric Maxeiner ,
Mostafa Shakeri  and
James H. Duncan
Eric Maxeiner*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Mostafa Shakeri
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
James H. Duncan
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: eric.maxeiner.ctr@nrl.navy.mil
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Abstract

A mechanical two-dimensional wave maker with a flexible surface was used to create waves similar to those formed at the bow of a moving ship. Utilizing the two-dimensional plus time (2D + T) approximation, the wave maker was programmed so that its deformable wave board created a time sequence of shapes that simulated the line of intersection between one side of the hull of a slender ship model moving at constant speed and an imaginary vertical plane oriented normal to the ship model track. However, instead of simulating a particular ship hull, the wave maker was set to produce a parametric set of flat plate motions that represent components of typical bow shapes. The resulting surface waves were measured using a cinematic laser-induced fluorescence technique and the resulting wave profiles were analysed. A large variation of wave crest shapes was observed. An assortment of wave characteristics including the maximum contact point height, maximum wave height and plunging jet geometry were measured and related to the corresponding wave maker motion parameters. Despite the variety of wave maker motions and resulting wave crest shapes, it was observed that the gross parameters describing the wave, such as the maximum wave height, maximum contact point height and wave phase speed, correlate strongly with the wave maker velocity along the water line. Details of the crest shape at the moment of incipient breaking showed a stronger dependence on the initial acceleration of the wave board.

JFM classification

Waves/Free-surface Flows: Surface gravity waves Waves/Free-surface Flows: Wave breaking
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 687 , 25 November 2011 , pp. 540 - 570
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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Footnotes

‡

Present address: Naval Research Laboratory, Coastal and Ocean Remote Sensing Branch, Washington, DC 20375, USA

§

Present address: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA

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