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Devaluating Drainage Design Parameters for the Fourth Drainage Project, Pakistan by using SWAP Model: Part I – Calibration

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Irrigation and Drainage Systems

Abstract

A transient drainage simulation model,SWAP, was used to evaluate the performanceof drainage systems in (semi-) arid zones.Before application, the model wascalibrated by using 14-months datacollected from two sample fields of theFourth Drainage Project (FDP), Punjab,Pakistan. During the calibration process,emphasis was given to the accuratedetermination of soil hydraulic parameters,reference evapotranspiration, drainage fromsample fields and bottom boundarycondition. Laboratory determined soilhydraulic parameters were foundnon-representative of the field conditions.Difference between laboratory and fielddetermined soil water retention curves werefound significant. The pressure heads andsoil water contents measured in depthincrements of 15 cm were in good agreementwith the simulated values after applying afield measured retention curve. A closeproximity was also found between measuredand simulated average root zone salinity at0–1.0 m depth. The referenceevapotranspiration calculated by thePriestly-Taylor (PT-ET o) methodwas found physically more realistic thanthe Penman-Monteith (PM-ET o)method due to ignorance of the feed backmechanism of vapor pressure deficit onstomatal closure. The simulated cumulativedrainage from two sample fields wascomparable with the calculated values. Theanalysis of piezometer data shows thatthere is a negligible water exchangebetween the deep aquifer and theunsaturated zone. Therefore for scenarioanalysis, no flow conditions at the bottomof the soil profile can be applied as abottom boundary.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Pakistan

    Asad Sarwar

  2. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Pakistan

    W.G.M. Bastiaanssen

  3. National Drainage Program (NDP), Lahore, Pakistan

    Th.M. Boers

  4. International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement (ILRI), Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Th.M. Boers

  5. Department of Environmental Sciences, sub-Department of Water Resources, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    J.C. van Dam

Authors
  1. Asad Sarwar
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  2. W.G.M. Bastiaanssen
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  3. Th.M. Boers
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  4. J.C. van Dam
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Sarwar, A., Bastiaanssen, W., Boers, T. et al. Devaluating Drainage Design Parameters for the Fourth Drainage Project, Pakistan by using SWAP Model: Part I – Calibration. Irrigation and Drainage Systems 14, 257–280 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006468905194

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