Abstract
The study examines the relationship betweenmoral judgments of a business situation with ethicalcontent and personal religiousness. The findingssuggest that ethical interest and behaviour arerelated to religiousness. However, only the ethicalphilosophy of contractualism was found to be relatedto religiousness, while moral equity and relativismwere not.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Akaah, I. P.: 1992, ‘Social Inclusion as a Marketing Ethics Correlate’, Journal of Business Ethics 11, 599–608.
Akaah, I. P. and E. A. Riordan: 1989, ‘Judgements of Marketing Professionals about Ethical Issues in Marketing Research: A Replication and Extension’, Journal of Marketing Research 26(1), 112–120.
Allport, G. W. and J. M. Ross: 1967, ‘Personal Religious Orientation and Prejudice’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 5, 432–443.
Au, A. K. M., A. K. M. Chan and A. C. B. Tse: 1998, ‘Business Ethics and Behavioral Predisposition of University Students - A Chinese Perspective’, BRC Working Paper, Series No.: WP98004, Hong Kong Baptist University, March.
Barnett, T., K. Bass and G. Brown: 1996, ‘Religiosity, Ethical Ideology, and Intentions to Report a Peer’ Wrongdoing’, Journal of Business Ethics 15, 1161–1174.
Beauchamp, T. L. and N. E. Bowie: 1983, Ethical Theory and Business, 2nd edn., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Clark, J.W. and L. E. Dawson: 1996, ‘Personal Religiousness and Ethical Judgements: An Empirical Analysis’, Journal of Business Ethics 15, 359–372.
Clary, E. G. and M. Snyder: 1991, ‘A Functional Analysis of Altruism and Prosocial Behavior’, in M. S. Clark (ed.), Prosocial Behavior, Sage Publications, Newbury Park.
Cohen, J., L. Pant and D. Sharp: 1993, ‘A Validation and Extension of a Multidimensional Ethics Scale’, Journal of Business Ethics 12, 13–26.
Cornwall, M., S. L. Albrecht, P. H. Cunningham and B. L. Pitcher: 1986, ‘The Dimensions of Religiosity: A Conceptual Model with An Empirical Test’, Review of Religious Research (March) 27(3), 226–244.
Davis, J. R. and R. E. Welton: 1991, ‘Professional Ethics: Business Students’ Perceptions’, Journal of Business Ethics 10, 451–463.
De George, R. T.: 1986, ‘Theological Ethics and Business Ethics’, Journal of Business Ethics 5, 421–432.
Delaney, J. T. and D. Sockell: 1992, ‘Do Company Ethics Training Programs Make a Difference? An Empirical Analysis’, Journal of Business Ethics 11, 719–727.
Donahue, M. J.: 1985, ‘Intrinsic and Extrinsic Religiousness: Review and Meta-Analysis’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48(2), 400–419.
Douglas, S. and C. S. Craig: 1983, International Marketing Research, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Drohan, M.: 1997, ‘Canada 4th Best Competitor’, The Globe and Mail May 21: B1, 8.
Dubinsky, A. J. and B. Loken: 1989, ‘Analyzing Ethical Decision-Making in Marketing’, Journal of Business Research 19, 83–107.
Dubinsky, A. J. and W. Rudelius: 1980, ‘Ethical Beliefs: How Students Compare with Industrial Salespeople’, in Proceedings of the American Marketing Association Educators Conference. American Marketing Association, Chicago, pp. 73–76.
Ferrell, O. C. and L. G. Gresham: 1985, ‘A Contingency Framework for Understanding Ethical Decision-Making in Marketing’, Journal of Marketing, 87–96.
Flory, S. M., T. J. Phillips, Jr., R. E. Reidenbach and P. Donald: 1992, ‘A Multidimensional Analysis of Selected Ethical Issues in Accounting’, The Accounting Review (April) 67. 284–302.
Forsyth, D. R.: 1980, ‘A Taxonomy of Ethical Ideologies’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39(1), 175–184.
Fullerton, J. T. and B. Hunsberger: 1982, ‘A Unidimensional Measure of Christian Orthodoxy’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 21, 317–326.
Glock, C. Y. and R. Stark: 1965, Religion and Society in Tension, Rand McNally, Chicago.
Hansen, R.: 1992, ‘A Multidimensional Scale for Measuring Business Ethics: A Purification and Refinement’, Journal of Business Ethics 11, 523–534.
Henthorne, T. L. and M. S. LaTour: 1995, ‘A Model to Explore the Ethics of Erotic Stimuli in Print Advertising’, Journal of Business Ethics 14, 561–569.
Henthorne, T. L., D. P. Robin and R. E. Reidenbach: 1992, ‘Identifying the Gaps in Ethical Perceptions Between Managers and Salespersons: A Multidimensional Approach’, Journal of Business Ethics 11, 849–856.
Ho, F. N., S. J. Vitell, J. H. Barnes and R. Desborde: 1997, ‘Ethical Correlates of Role Conflict and Ambiguity in Marketing: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Moral Development’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science (Spring) 25, 117–126.
Hunt, S. D. and S. J. Vitell: 1986, ‘A General Theory of Marketing Ethics’, Journal of Macromarketing (Spring) 6, 5–16.
Hunt, S. D. and S. J. Vitell: 1992, ‘The General Theory of Marketing Ethics: A Retrospective and Revision’, in N. C. Smith and J. A. Quelch (eds.), Ethics in Marketing, Irwin, Homewood, IL.
Hwang, K. K.: 1987, ‘Face and Favour: The Chinese Power Game’, American Journal of Sociology 94(4), 944–974.
Izraelie, D.: 1988, ‘Ethical Beliefs and Behaviour Among Managers: A Cross-Cultural Perspective’, Journal of Business Ethics 7, 263–271.
Jones, T. M.: 1991, ‘Ethical Decision-Making By Individuals in Organizations: An Issue-Contingent Models’, Academy of Management Review 16(2), 366–395.
Kellaris, J. J., R. F. Dahlstrom and B. A. Boyle: 1996, ‘Contextual Bias in Ethical Judgment of Marketing Practices’, Psychology and Marketing 13(7), 677–694.
Kellstedt, L. and C. Smidt: 1991, ‘Measuring Fundamentalism: An Analysis of Different Operational Strategies’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 30, 259–278.
Kennedy, E. J. and L. Lawton: 1998, ‘Religiousness and Business Ethics’, Journal of Business Ethics 17, 163–175.
Laczniak, G. and E. J. Inderrieden: 1987, ‘The Influence of Stated Organisational Concern Upon Ethical Decision Making’, Journal of Business Ethics 6, 297–307.
LaFleur, E. K., R. E. Reidenbach, D. P. Robin and P. J. Forrest: 1996, ‘An Exploration of Rule Configuration Effects on the Ethical Decision Processes of Advertising Professionals’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science (Winter) 24, 66–76.
Landeros, R. and R. E. Plank: 1996, ‘How Ethical Are Purchasing Management Professionals?’, Journal of Business Ethics 15, 789–803.
Lane, M. S., D. Schaupp and B. Parsons: 1988, ‘Pygmalion Effect: An issue for Business Education and Ethics’, Journal of Business Ethics 7, 223–229.
Light, D., S. Keller and C. Calhoun: 1989, Sociology, Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
McDaniel, S.W. and J. J. Burnett: 1990, ‘Consumer Religiosity and Retail Store Evaluative Criteria’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 18(2), 101–112.
McFarland, S. G.: 1989, ‘Religious Orientations and the Targets of Discrimination’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 28(3), 324–336.
McIntyre, R. P., M. M. Capen and A. P. Minton: 1995, ‘Exploring the Psychological Foundations of Ethical Positions in Marketing’, Psychology and Marketing 12(6), 569–582.
Murphy, P. R., J. E. Smith and M. J. Daley: 1992, ‘Executive Attitudes, Organizational Size and Ethical Issues: Perspectives on a Service Industry’, Journal of Business Ethics 11, 11–19.
O'ullivan, P. and P. Murphy: 1998, ‘Ambush Marketing: The Ethical Issues’, Psychology and Marketing 15(4), 349–366.
Reidenbach, R. E. and D. P. Robin: 1988, ‘Some Initial Steps Toward Improving the Measurement of Ethical Evaluations of Marketing Activities’, Journal of Business Ethics 7, 871–879.
Reidenbach, R. E. and D. P. Robin: 1990, ‘Toward the Development of a Multidimensional Scale for Improving Evaluations of Business Ethics’, Journal of Business Ethics 9, 639–653.
Reidenbach, R. E. and D. P. Robin: 1993, ‘A Comment on ‘A Multidimensional Scale for Measuring Business Ethics: A Purification and Refinement’’, Journal of Business Ethics 12, 663–664.
Reidenbach, R. E., D. P. Robin and L. Dawson: 1991, ‘An Application and Extension of a Multidimensional Ethics Scale to Selected Marketing Practices and Marketing Groups’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science (Spring) 19, 83–92.
Rest, J. R.: 1988, ‘Can Ethics be Taught in Professional Schools? The Psychological Research’, Easier Said Than Done (Winter), 22–26.
Rest, J., S. J. Thorma, Y. L. Moon and I. Getz: 1986, ‘Different Cultures, Sexes and Religions’, in J. R. Rest (ed.), Moral Development, Advances in Research and Theory, Preger, New York.
Robin, D., M. Giallourakis, F. R. Davis and T. E. Moritz: 1989, ‘A Different Look at Codes of Ethics’, Business Horizons 32, 66–73.
Rohatyn, F. G.: 1988, ‘Ethics in America’ Money Culture’, in Ethics in American Business: A Special Report, Touche Ross, New York.
Shepard, J. M. and L. S. Hartenian: 1990, ‘Egoistic and Ethical Orientations of University Students Toward Work-related Decisions’, Journal of Business Ethics 10, 303–310.
Simpson, P. M., G. Brown and R. E. Widing II: 1998, ‘The Association of Ethical Judgment of Advertising and Selected Advertising Effectiveness Response Variables’, Journal of Business Ethics 17, 125–136.
Singhapakdi, A., S. J. Vitell and G. R. Franke: 1999, ‘Antecedents, Consequences, and Mediating Effects of Perceived Moral Intensity and Personal Moral Philosophies’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science (Winter) 27, 19–36.
Sparks, J. R. and S. D. Hunt: 1998, ‘Marketing Researcher Ethical Sensitivity: Conceptualization, Measurement, and Exploratory Investigation’, Journal of Marketing (April) 62, 92–109.
Tabachnick, B. G. and L. S. Fidell: 1996, Using Multivariate Statistics, 3rd edn., HarperCollins College Publishers, New York.
Tom, G., B. Garibaldi, Y. Zeng and J. Pilcher: 1998, ‘Consumer Demand for Counterfeit Goods’, Psychology and Marketing 15(5), 405–421.
Trevino, L. K.: 1966, ‘Ethical Decision Making in Organisations: A Person-Situation Interactionist Model’, Academy of Management Review 11, 601–617.
Tsalikis, J. and O. Nwachukwu: 1989, ‘Cross-Cultural Business Ethics: Ethical Beliefs Difference Between Black and White’, Journal of Business Ethics 7, 745–754.
Tsalikis, J. and O. Nwachukwu: 1991, ‘A Comparison of Nigerian to American Views of Bribery and Extortion in International Commerce’, Journal of Business Ethics 10, 85–98.
Weeks, D. and A. Nantel: 1992, ‘Corporate Codes of Ethics and Sales Force Behaviour: A Case Study’, Journal of Business Ethics 11, 753–760.
Wiebe, K. F. and J. R. Fleck: 1980, ‘Personality Correlates of Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Nonreligious Orientations’, Journal of Psychology 105, 181–187.
Wilkes, R. E., J. J. Burnett and R. D. Howell: 1986, ‘On the Meaning and Measurement of Religiosity in Consumer Research’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 14(1), 47–56.
Woodrum, E.: 1988, ‘Determinants of Moral Attitudes’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 27, 253–573.
Yeung, I. Y. M. and R. L. Tung: 1996, ‘Achieving Business Success in Confucian Societies: The Importance of Guanxi (Connections)’, Organizational Dynamics (Autumn), 54–65.
Zey-Ferrell, M. K. and O. C. Ferrell: 1982, ‘Role-set Configuration and Opportunity as Predictors of Unethical Behaviour in Organisations’, Human Relations 35(7), 587–604.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Siu, N.Y., Dickinson, J.R. & Lee, B.Y. Ethical Evaluations of Business Activities and Personal Religiousness. Teaching Business Ethics 4, 239–256 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009886711972
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009886711972