Abstract
We report two species of deuteromycete fungi (Penicillium corylophilum and Cladosporium sphaerospermum) concurrently infecting the swim bladder and posterior kidney and causing erratic behavior in two specimens of wild-caught, tank-held red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus). Lesions produced by both species infiltrated the immediately surrounding tissue and produced severe pathological changes; however, the infection apparently was not systemic. Only P. corylophilum grew in the initial culture from the swim bladder and only C. sphaerospermum grew in the initial culture from the kidney. Infection may have occurred upon penetration of a syringe to deflate the swim bladder. There was no horizontal transmission to 13 other specimens of red snapper held in the same tank. This suggests that these fungi are not primary pathogens. Injection of each species into various sites in the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, failed to produce infections within 1 month, suggesting differences in susceptibility among species.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bruno, D. W., 1989. Observations on a swim bladder fungal infection of a farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol. 9: 7–8.
Bruno, D. W. & B. P. Wood, 1999. Saprolegnia and other oomycetes. In Woo, P. T. K. & D. W. Bruno (eds), Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol. 3, Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Infections. CABI Publishing, Wallingford: 599–660.
Ching, H. L. & L. Parker, 1989. Experimental exposure of trout and salmon from 12 British Columbian stocks to the myxozoan parasite Ceratomyxa shasta. J. Aquat. Anim. Health 1: 205–208.
Cork, S. C., M. R. Alley, A. C. Johnstone & P. H. G. Stockdale, 1999. Aspergillosis and other causes of mortality in the stitchbird in New Zealand. J. Wild. Dis. 35: 481–486.
Domsch, K. H., W. Gams & T.-H. Anderson, 1980. Compendium of Soil Fungi, Vol. 1. Academic Press, London.
Duque, O., 1971. Cladosporiosis of the central nervous tissue. In Baker, R. D. (ed.), Human Infection with Fungi, Actinomycetes and Algae. Springer-Verlag, New York: 701–718.
Ellis, M. B., 1971. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, UK.
Johnson, S. C. & L. J. Albright, 1992. Comparative susceptibility and histopathology of the response of naive Atlantic, chinook and coho salmon to experimental infection with Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae). Dis. Aquat. Org. 14: 179–193.
Khan, M. H., L. Marshall, K. D. Thompson, R. E. Campbell & J. H. Lilley 1998. Susceptibility of five fish species (Nile tilapia, rosy barb, rainbow trout, stickleback, and roach) to intramuscular injection with the oomycete fish pathogen, Aphanomyces invadans. Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol. 18: 192–197.
Lehmann, J., D. Mock & W. Schäfer, 1999. Swim bladder infection of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) by a fungus: A case report. Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol. 19: 83–84.
Lightner, D., R.M. Redman, L. Mohney, J. Sinski & D. Priest, 1988. A renal mycosis of an adult hybrid red tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus x O. hornorum, caused by the imperfect fungus, Paecilomyces marquandii. J. Fish Dis. 11: 437–440.
Lilley, J. H. & R. J. Roberts, 1997. Pathogenicity and culture studies comparing the Aphanomyces involved in epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) with other similar fungi. J. Fish Dis. 20: 135–144.
Lilley, J. H., D. Hart, R. H. Richards, R. J. Roberts, L. Cerenius & K. Söderhäll, 1997. Pan-Asian spread of single fungal clone results in large scale fish kills. Vet. Rec. 140: 653–654.
McVicar, A. H., 1999. Ichthyophonus and related organisms. In Woo, P. T. K. & D.W. Bruno (eds.), Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol. 3, Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Infections. CABI Publishing, Wallingford: 661–688.
Olefemi, B. E., C. Agius & R. J. Roberts, 1983. Aspergillomycosis in intensively cultured tilapia from Kenya. Vet. Rec. 112: 203–204.
Parker, J. C., & G. K. Klintworth, 1971. Miscellaneous uncommon diseases attributed to fungi and actinomycetes. In Baker, R. D. (ed.), Human Infection with Fungi, Actinomycetes and Algae. Springer-Verlag, New York: 953–1018.
Peña, C. E., 1971. Aspergillosis. In Baker R. D. (ed.), Human Infection with Fungi, Actinomycetes and Algae. Springer-Verlag, New York: 762–831.
Pickering, A. D., & L. G. Willoughby, 1977. Epidermal lesions and fungal infections on the perch, Perca fluviatilis L., in Windermere. J. Fish Biol. 11: 349–354.
Pitt, J. I., 1979. The genus Penicillium and its teleomorphic states Eupenicillium and Talaromyces. Academic Press, London.
Polglase, J. L., N. J. Dix, & A. M. Bullock, 1984. Infection of skin wounds in the lesser octopus, Eledone cirrhosa, by Cladosporium sphaerospermum. Trans. br. mycol. Soc. 82: 577–580.
Rand, T. G., 1996. Fungal diseases of fish and shellfish. In Esser, K. & P. A. Lemke (eds), The Mycota, Volume 6: a Treatise on the Biology of Fungi with Emphasis on Systems for Fundamental and Applied Research. Springer-Verlag, Berlin: 297–313.
Strongman, D. B., C. M. Morrison & G. McClelland, 1997. Lesions in the musculature of captive American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides caused by the fungus Hormoconis resinae (Deuteromycetes). Dis. Aquat. Org. 28: 107–113.
Wada, S., K. Hatai, E. Tanaka & T. Kitahara, 1993. Mixed infection of an acid-fast bacterium and an imperfect fungus in a Napolean fish (Cheilinus undulatus). J. Wild. Dis. 29: 591–595.
Woo, P. T. K. & D. W. Bruno, 1999. Fish diseases and disorders, Vol. 3, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. CABI Publishing, Wallingford.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Blaylock, R.B., Overstreet, R.M. & Klich, M.A. Mycoses in red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) caused by two deuteromycete fungi (Penicillium corylophilum and Cladosporium sphaerospermum)*. Hydrobiologia 460, 221–228 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013124214166
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013124214166