Decoloration of textile dyes by Trametes versicolor and its effect on dye toxicity

Abstract

Amaranth, Tropaeolin O, Reactive Blue 15, Congo Red, and Reactive Black 5 were completely decolorized with no dye sorption by Trametes versicolor. Cibacron Brilliant Red 3G-P, Cibacron Brilliant Yellow 3B-A, and Remazol Brilliant Blue R were partially decolorized with some dye sorbed to the biomass. The Microtox assay before decoloration showed that Amaranth and Tropaeolin O were not toxic [the percent concentration to decrease 20% of the luminescence of Vibrio fischeri (EC₂₀) was greater than 100%]; Cibacron Brilliant Yellow 3B-A, Reactive Blue 15 and Cibacron Brilliant Red 3G-P were moderately non-toxic (100% > EC₂₀ > 75%); Remazol Brilliant Blue R was toxic (75% > EC₂₀ > 50%); and Congo Red and Reactive Black 5 were moderately toxic (50% > EC₂₀ > 25%). After decoloration the toxicity of the solutions containing Amaranth, Tropaeolin O and Reactive Black 5 was unchanged; Reactive Blue 15, Remazol Brilliant Blue R and Cibacron Brilliant Red 3G-P decreased to non-toxic levels; and Cibacron Brilliant Yellow 3B-A and Congo Red became very toxic (EC₂₀ < 25%).