Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Laser synthesis of transition metal clusters

  • Published:
Transition Metal Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Laser ablation of a variety of quite different precursors has been shown to generate gas-phase clusters, which can be immediately characterised using a mass spectrometer. Such experiments provide access to a huge range of species inaccessible by more conventional preparative means. Metal oxides, phosphides and chalcogenides, metal carbonyl clusters and even giant keplerate spheres have been shown to aggregate in the gas phase to form high-nuclearity clusters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. K. Tanaka, H. Waki, Y. Ido, S. Akita, Y. Yoshida and T. Yoshida, Rapid. Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2, 151 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  2. M. Karas and F. Hillenkamp, Anal. Chem.,60, 2299 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  3. S.A. McLuckey and J.M. Wells,Chem. Rev., 101, 571 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  4. A.G. Marshall, C.L. Hendrickson and G.S. Jackson, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 17, 1 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  5. For example see I.G. Dance, K.J. Fisher and G.D. Willett, Inorg. Chem., 35, 4177 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  6. D.C. Muddiman, R. Bakhtiar, S.A. Hofstadler and R.D. Smith, J. Chem. Educ., 74, 1288 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  7. D.M. Lubman (Ed.) Lasers and Mass Spectrometry, Oxford University Press, New York (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  8. For examples, see: M. Foltin, G.J. Stueber and E.R. Bernstein, J. Chem. Phys., 114, 8971 (2001); R.C. Bell, K.A. Zemski, K.P. Kerns, H.T. Deng and A.W. Castleman, J. Phys. Chem., 102, 1733 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  9. K.J. Fisher, Prog. Inorg. Chem., 50, 343 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  10. D.A. Well and C.L. Wilkins, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 107, 7316 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  11. R.C. Burnier, G.D. Byrd and B.S. Freiser,J. Am. Chem. Soc., 103, 4360 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  12. S.W. Buckner, J.R. Gord and B.S. Freiser, J. Chem. Phys., 88, 3678 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  13. J.R. Gord, R.J. Bemish and B.S. Frieser, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion. Proc., 102, 115 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  14. C.J. Cassady, D.A. Well and S.W. McElvany, J. Chem. Phys., 96, 691 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  15. N. Chaoui, E. Millon and J.F. Muller, Chem. Mater., 10, 3888 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  16. X.H. Liu, X.G. Zhang, Y. Li, X.Y. Wang and N.Q. Lou, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 177, L1 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  17. F. Aubriet, B. Maunit and J.F. Muller, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 209, 5 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  18. F. Aubriet and J.F. Muller, J. Phys. Chem. A., 106, 6053 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  19. M.C. Oliveira, J. Marcalo, M.C. Vieira and M.A.A. Ferreira, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion. Proc., 187, 825 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  20. M.N. Yi, K.J. Fisher and I.G. Dance, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 216, 155 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  21. I.G. Dance, Chem. Commun., 523 (1998); I.G. Dance and K.J. Fisher, Prog. Inorg. Chem., 41, 637 (1994).

  22. J.H. El Nakat, I.G. Dance, K.J. Fisher, D. Rice and G.D. Willett, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113, 5141 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  23. I.H. Musselman, R.W. Linton and D.S. Simons, Anal. Chem., 60, 110 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  24. J.H. El Nakat, I.G. Dance, K.J. Fisher and G.D. Willett, Inorg. Chem., 30, 2958 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  25. J.H. El Nakat, I.G. Dance, K.J. Fisher and G.D. Willett, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 746 (1991).

  26. J.H. El Nakat, I.G. Dance, K.J. Fisher and G.D. Willett, Inorg. Chem., 32, 1931 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Z.D. Yu, N. Zhang, X.J. Wu, Z. Gao, Q.H. Zhu and F.N. Kong, J. Chem. Phys., 99, 1765 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  28. N. Zhang, Z.D. Yu, X.J. Wu, Z. Gao, Q.H. Zhu and F.N. Kong, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1779 (1993).

  29. C.Y. Han, X. Zhao, X. Zhang, Z. Gao and Q.H. Zhu, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 14, 1255 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  30. I.G. Dance, K.J. Fisher and G.D. Willett, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2557 (1993).

  31. M. Yi, K. Fisher and I. Dance, New J. Chem., 25, 73 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  32. P.F. Greenwood, I.G. Dance, K.J. Fisher and G.D. Willett, Inorg. Chem.,30, 6288 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  33. I.G. Dance, P.A.W. Dean and K.J. Fisher, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6261 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  34. X. Zhang, G.L. Li and Z. Gao, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 15, 1573 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  35. H.S. Kim, T.D. Wood, A.G. Marshall and J.Y. Lee, Chem. Phys. Lett., 224, 589 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  36. C. Stoermer, J. Friedrich and M.M. Kappes, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 206, 63 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  37. H. Rashidzadeh and B.C. Guo, Chem. Phys. Lett., 310, 466 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  38. M.I. Bruce and M.J. Liddell, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 1, 191 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  39. (a) M.J. Dale, P.J. Dyson, B.F.G. Johnson, P.R.R. Langridge-Smith and H.T. Yates, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1689 (1995); (b) M.J. Dale, P.J. Dyson, B.F.G. Johnson, C.M. Martin, P.R.R. Langridge-Smith and R. Zenobi, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 771 (1996).

  40. G. Critchley, P.J. Dyson, B.F.G. Johnson, J.S. McIndoe, R.K. O'Reilly and P.R.R. Langridge-Smith, Organometallics, 18, 4090 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  41. P.J. Dyson, Adv. Organomet. Chem., 43, 43 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  42. H. Chen, Z. Tang, R. Huang and L. Zheng, Eur. J. Mass Spectrom., 6, 19 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  43. P.J. Dyson, A.K. Hearley, B.F.G. Johnson, J.S. McIndoe and P.R.R. Langridge-Smith, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 2, 591 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  44. W.J. Dollard, P.J. Dyson, T. Jackson, B.F.G. Johnson, J.S. McIndoe and P.R.R. Langridge-Smith, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 2, 587 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  45. P.J. Dyson, J.E. McGrady, M. Reinhold, B.F.G. Johnson, J.S. McIndoe and P.R.R. Langridge-Smith, J. Clust. Sci., 11, 391 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  46. P.J. Dyson, A.K. Hearley, B.F.G. Johnson, J.S. McIndoe and P.R.R. Langridge-Smith, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2521 (2000).

  47. A. Muller, E. Diemann, S. Qaiser Nazir Shah, C. Kuhlmann and M.C. Letzel, Chem. Commun., 440 (2002).

  48. S.W. Hunsucker, R.C. Watson, B.M. Tissue, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 15, 1334 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  49. P.J. Dyson, A.K. Hearley, B.F.G. Johnson, J.S. McIndoe and P.R.R. Langridge-Smith, J. Clust. Sci., 12, 273 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  50. P.J. Dyson, B.F.G. Johnson, J.S. McIndoe and P.R.R. Langridge-Smith, Inorg. Chem., 39, 2430 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  51. P.J. Dyson, A.K. Hearley, B.F.G. Johnson, T. Khimyak, J.S. McIndoe and P.R.R. Langridge-Smith, Organometallics, 20, 3970 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  52. T.G. Schaaf, M.N. Shafigullin, J.T. Khoury, I. Vezmar and R.L. Whetten, J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, 8785 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  53. M.E. Barr, B.R. Adams, R.R. Weller and L.F. Dahl, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113, 3052 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  54. A. Bjarnason, R.E. Desenfants, M.E. Barr and L.F. Dahl, Organometallics, 9, 657 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  55. S. Martinovic, L.P. Tolic, D. Srzic, N. Kezele, D. Plavsic and L. Klasinc,Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 10, 51 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  56. N.C. Dopke, P.M. Treichel and M.M. Vestling, Inorg. Chem.,37, 1272 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  57. R.W. McGaff, R.K. Hayashi, D.R. Powell and P.M. Treichel, Polyhedron, 17, 4425 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  58. C. Kim and I. Jung, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 1, 427(1998).

    Google Scholar 

  59. C. Kim and I. Jung, J. Organomet. Chem., 588, 9 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, The University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK

    J. Scott McIndoe

Authors
  1. J. Scott McIndoe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

McIndoe, J.S. Laser synthesis of transition metal clusters. Transition Metal Chemistry 28, 122–131 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022515104991

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022515104991

Keywords

Search

Navigation