Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Electrodeposition of antimony in a water-stable 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride tetrafluoroborate room temperature ionic liquid

  • Published:
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The electrochemistry and electrodeposition of antimony were investigated on glassy carbon and nickel electrodes in a basic 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-tetrafluoroborate room temperature ionic liquid. Cyclic voltammetry results show that Sb(III) may be either oxidized to Sb(V) via a quasi-reversible charge-transfer process or reduced to Sb metal. Diffusion coefficients for both Sb(III) and Sb(V) species were calculated from rotating disc voltammetric data. Analysis of chronoamperometric current–time transients indicates that the electrodeposition of Sb on glassy carbon proceeded via progressive three-dimensional nucleation with diffusion-controlled growth of the nuclei. Raising the deposition temperature results in decreased average radius of the individual nuclei. Dense deposits can be obtained within a deposition temperature range between 30 to 120 °C. Scanning electron microscopy revealed dramatic changes in the surface morphology of antimony electrodeposits as a function of deposition temperature; deposits obtained at 30 °C had a nodular appearance whereas those obtained at 80 and 120 °C consisted of evenly distributed fine polygonal crystals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J.S.Wilkes,J.A.Levisky,R.A.Wilson and C.L.Hussey,Inorg.Chem 21 (1982)1263.

    Google Scholar 

  2. M.J. Earl and K.R. Seddon, Pure Appl. Chem. 72 (2000) 1391.

    Google Scholar 

  3. C.L. Hussey, in G. Mamantov and A.I. Popov (Eds), ‘Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solutions Current Progress’ (VCH, New York, 1994), p. 227.

    Google Scholar 

  4. R.T. Carlin and J.S. Wilkes, in G. Mamantov and A.I. Popov, op. cit. [3], p. 277.

    Google Scholar 

  5. G.R. Stafford and C.L. Hussey, in R.C. Alkire and D.M. Kolb (Eds), ‘Advances in Electrochemical Science and Engineering’, Vol. 7 (Wiley-VCH, 2001), p. 275.

  6. J.S. Wilkes and M.J. Zaworotko, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commum. (1992) 965.

  7. E.I. Cooper and E.J.M. O’Sullivan, in R.J. Gale, G. Blomgren and H. Kojima (Eds), ‘Molten Salts’ PV 92-16 (Electrochemical Society Proceedings Series, Pennington, NJ, 1992), p. 386.

  8. Y.N. Sadana, J.P. Singh and R. Kumar, Surf. Technol. 24 (1985) 319.

    Google Scholar 

  9. A. Brenner, ‘Electrodeposition of Alloys, Principles and Practice’ (Academic, New York, 1963).

    Google Scholar 

  10. D.A. Habboush and R.A. Osteryoung, Inorg. Chem. 23 (1984) 1726.

    Google Scholar 

  11. M. Lipsztjan and R.A. Osteryoung, Inorg. Chem. 24 (1985) 3492.

    Google Scholar 

  12. P-Y. Chen and I-W. Sun, Electrochim. Acta 45 (1999) 441.

    Google Scholar 

  13. P-Y. Chen and I-W. Sun, Electrochim. Acta 45 (2000) 3163.

    Google Scholar 

  14. A. Bard and L.R. Faulkner, ‘Electrochemical Methods’ (Wiley, New York, 1980).

    Google Scholar 

  15. C.L. Hussey, I-W. Sun, S.K.D. Strubinger and P.A. Barnard, J. Electrochem. Soc. 137 (1990) 2515.

    Google Scholar 

  16. T. Vargas and R. Varma, in R. Varma and J.R. Selman (Eds), ‘Techniques for Characterization of Electrodes and Electrochemical Processes’ (J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1991), chapter 5.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC, 70101

    M-H. Yang & I-W. Sun

Authors
  1. M-H. Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. I-W. Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to I-W. Sun.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yang, MH., Sun, IW. Electrodeposition of antimony in a water-stable 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride tetrafluoroborate room temperature ionic liquid. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 33, 1077–1084 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026223314259

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026223314259

Search

Navigation