Skip to main content
Log in

Simultaneous and Sequential Anticommons

  • Published:
European Journal of Law and Economics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper defines a framework for anticommons analysis based on the fragmentation of property rights. In differentiating between sequential and simultaneous cases of property fragmentation, we describe and assess the equilibria obtained under each scenario. Our model reveals how the private incentives of excluders do not capture the external effects of their decisions. Moreover, our model suggests that the result of underutilization of joint property increases monotonically in both (a) the extent of fragmentation; and (b) the foregone synergies and complementarities between the property fragments. Within this context, we can therefore explore important implications for possible institutional responses to a range of issues raised by the concept of property fragmentation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alchian, A. (1965). "Some Economics of Property Rights." Il Politico. 30, 816–829.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alchian, A. A. (1977). "Some Economics of Property Rights." In A. A. Alchain (ed.), Economic Forces at Work, Indianapolis: Liberty Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, J. & Yoon, Y. (2000). "Symmetric Tragedies: Commons and Anticommons Property." Journal of Law and Economics. 43, 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coase, R. H. (1960). "The Problem of Social Cost." Journal of Law and Economics. 3, 1–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Depoorter, B. & Parisi, F. (2001). "Fair Use and Copyright Protection: A Price Theory Explanation." GMU Law & Economics Working Paper Series No. 01-03.

  • Eggertsson, T. (1990). "The Role of Transaction Costs and Property Rights in Economic Analysis." European Economic Review. 34, 450–457.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardin, G. (1968). "The Tragedy of the Commons." Science. 162, 1243–1248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heller, M. A. (1998). "The Tragedy of the Anticommons: Property in the Transition from Marx to Markets." Harvard Law Review. 111, 621–687.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heller, M. A. (1999). "The Boundaries of Private Property." Yale L.J. 108, 1163–1223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heller, M. & Eisenberg, R. (1998). "Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research," 280 Science, excerpted as 'Upstream Patents = Downstream Bottlenecks' in Law Quadrangle Notes. 4.13, 93–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Libecap, G. D. & Wiggins, S. (1984). "Contractual Respones to the Common Pool." American Economic Review. 74, 84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merrill, T. & Smith, H. (2000). "Optimal Standardization in the Law of Property: The Numerus Clausus Principle." Yale, L.J. 110, 1–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miceli, T. J. (1996). Economics of the Law: Torts, Contracts, Property, Litigation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michelman, F. I. (1968). "Property, Utility and Fairness: Comments on the Ethical Foundations of 'Just Compensation' Law." Harvard Law Review. 80, 1165–1258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michelman, F. I. (1982). "Ethics, Economics, and the Law of Property." In J. R. Pennock & J. W. Chapman (eds.), Nomos XXIV: Ethics, Economics and the Law, New York: New York University Press, pp. 3–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parisi, F. (2001). "The Asymmetric Coase Theorem: Dual Remedies for a Unified Property." GMU Law & Economics Working Paper Series No. 01-13.

  • Parisi, F. (2002). "Entropy in Property." American Journal of Comparative Law. 50, 701–738.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, C. M. (1986). "The Comedy of the Commons: Custom, Commerce, and Inherently Public Property." University of Chicago Law Review. 53, 711–780.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, C. M. (1999). "What Government Can Do for Property." In Mercuro & Samuels (eds.), Fundamental Interrelationships between Government and Property, New York: Elsevier Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulz, N. (2000). "Thoughts on the Nature of Vetoes When Bargaining on Public Projects."Würzburg Economic Papers, 00-17.

  • Schulz, N., Parisi, F. & Depoorter, B. (2002). "Fragmentation in Property: Towards a General Model." Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics. 594-613.

  • Spengler (1950). "Sequential Integration and Anti-Trust Policy." Journal of Political Economy. 58, 347–352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tirole, J. (1993). The Theory of Industrial Organization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Parisi, F., Schulz, N. & Depoorter, B. Simultaneous and Sequential Anticommons. European Journal of Law and Economics 17, 175–190 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EJLE.0000014575.00312.15

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EJLE.0000014575.00312.15

Navigation