PIRAC Ti nitride coated Ti–6Al–4V head against UHMWPE acetabular cup–hip wear simulator study

Abstract

Wear behaviour of TiN(titanium nitride)-coated Ti and Ti–6Al–4V alloy against UHMW polyethylene was studied in hip simulation test. Ti alloys possess an excellent combination of mechanical properties and biocompatibility, however, they suffer from inadequate wear resistance. Thus, their use as articulating components of total joint replacements requires surface hardening, e.g. by TiN. Thirty-two millimetre diameter cp-Ti and Ti–6Al–4V femoral heads were coated with several micrometre thick TiN layers employing an original PIRAC nitriding method based on interaction of Ti alloy substrate with highly reactive monatomic nitrogen. The heads were tested against UHMWPE cups at 37 °C in Ringer's solution or in distilled water. Simulator tests were performed at peak pressures of 1.5 and 2.0 MPa in a constant rotation mode at the frequency of 1.5 Hz. The wear of UHMWPE was estimated by weight loss, and the worn metallic and polyethylene surfaces were examined in SEM. The wear rate of UHMWPE cups articulating against PIRAC coated Ti and Ti–6Al–4V after up to 4×10⁶ cycles was significantly lower than that of UHMWPE articulating against 316L stainless steel. No delamination of TiN coatings was observed after 4×10⁶ cycles. These results suggest that TiN PIRAC coating on Ti–6Al–4V heads could minimise the wear of total hip replacements without compromising the mechanical properties of the femoral component.