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Expression of G-CSF and GM-CSF in Human Meningiomas Correlates with Increased Tumor Proliferation and Vascularization

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Abstract

The hematopoietic growth factors granulocyte- and granulocyte–macrophage colony stimulating factor (G-CSF and GM-CSF) are nowadays widely used in routine cancer therapies as potent factors to control radiation and chemotherapy induced neutropenia, a side effect that frequently endangers the success of tumor therapies. However, there is little information about the role of G-CSF and GM-CSF for tumor growth or progression. We were interested in the expression and potential role of both factors in human meningiomas, tumors of arachnoidal origin that account for about 20% of all primary intracranial tumors. Therefore, we analyzed immunohistochemically the protein expression of G-CSF, GM-CSF and their respective receptors in 30 meningioma tissues of different malignancy and histopathological type. Both factors and receptors were not expressed in the corresponding normal tissue. In contrast, G-CSF, GM-CSF and their receptors were expressed to a varying degree in human meningiomas. Increasing expression of both factors and receptors correlated significantly with enhanced proliferation in the tumor and thus with higher malignancy. In addition, a strong perivascular expression of G-CSF was associated with a highly vascularized tumor type. Thus, expression of both G-CSF and GM-CSF is associated with the expression of proliferation vascularization, two markers of an increasingly malignant tumor phenotype, suggesting a contribution of both factors to tumor progression.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Darmstadt, Heidelberg, Germany

    Bernhard Braun

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Villingen-Schwenningen, Heidelberg, Germany

    Manfred Lange & Reinhard Oeckler

  3. Division of Carcinogenesis and Differentiation, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany

    Margareta M. Mueller

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  1. Bernhard Braun
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  2. Manfred Lange
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  3. Reinhard Oeckler
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  4. Margareta M. Mueller
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Braun, B., Lange, M., Oeckler, R. et al. Expression of G-CSF and GM-CSF in Human Meningiomas Correlates with Increased Tumor Proliferation and Vascularization. J Neurooncol 68, 131–140 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:NEON.0000027751.87894.f0

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