Personaler und Sozialer Optimismus
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Personaler Optimismus repräsentiert die Erwartung positiver Ergebnisse für die eigene Person und Sozialer Optimismus die Erwartungen bezüglich allgemeiner Ereignisse mit einer sozialen Komponente. Items für die Erfassung von Personalem und Sozialem Optimismus wurden an den Daten von 462 Personen einer Itemanalyse unterzogen. Die Daten von 286 Personen wurden weitergehenden Untersuchungen zur Validität unterzogen. Für die Skala zum Personalen Optimismus wurde ein enger Zusammenhang mit dem Life Orientation Test und nur ein geringer mit der Skala für Sozialen Optimismus gefunden. Weiterhin fanden sich erwartungsgemäß positive Korrelationen mit Lebenszufriedenheit und negative mit Depressivität. Außerdem wurden geringe Korrelationen mit ökologierelevantem Verhalten festgestellt. Ein Vergleich der mittleren Werte verschiedener Berufsgruppen zeigte, daß Personen aus dem sozialen Bereich nur wenig optimistisch waren, während sich Personen aus dem akademischen Bereich als sehr optimistisch beschrieben.
Summary: Personal optimism represents the positive expectations concerning one's own person whereas social optimism includes the expectations concerning the person's environment. Items for the assessment of personal and social optimism were submitted to an item analysis on the basis of the data of 462 participants. The validity of the resulting scales was additionally investigated in the data of 286 participants. The personal optimism scale considerably correlated with the Life Orientation Test, and there was also a small but substantial correlation with the social optimism scale. Furthermore, a positive correlation with life satisfaction as well as a negative one with dispositional depression were obtained. Additionally, two correlations with behaviour which has an impact on the environment were found. A comparison of professional groups showed that social workers were least optimistic and that members of academic professions were most optimistic.
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