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Originalia

Geschlechterstereotype auf Führungsebene zwischen 1974 und 2010

Eine Analyse von Todesanzeigen verstorbener weiblicher und männlicher Führungskräfte

Published Online:June 18, 2013https://doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000114

Abstract

Frauen sind selten in Führungspositionen vertreten. Eine Erklärung dafür könnte in Rollenkonflikten liegen, die aus den vorherrschenden Stereotypen über Frauen und über Führungskräfte entstehen. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht Veränderungen der Stereotype über weibliche und über männliche Führungskräfte in einem Zeitraum von 36 Jahren. Dazu wurde eine Inhaltsanalyse von Todesanzeigen aus vier deutschsprachigen Zeitungen durchgeführt. Es zeigte sich, dass über die Zeit vor allem die Beschreibung der weiblichen Führungskräfte variiert, während die Darstellung verstorbener Männer in Führungspositionen vergleichsweise stabil ist. Eine tendenzielle Annährung der Geschlechterstereotype scheint aber stattzufinden. Den Führungsstil betreffend konnten keine statistisch bedeutsamen Geschlechtsunterschiede hinsichtlich Aufgabenorientierung und lediglich 2004 ein signifikanter Geschlechtsunterschied in der Zuschreibung von Personenorientierung der verstorbenen Führungskräfte festgestellt werden. Männliche Führungskräfte wurden aber zu den sehr frühen als auch zu den sehr späten Beobachtungszeitpunkten häufiger mit erfolgskorrelierten und stabilen Eigenschaften beschrieben als Frauen.


Gender stereotypes and leadership between 1974 and 2010. An analysis of obituaries of deceased female and male managers

Females are still underrepresented in leadership positions. This fact might be explained by a conflict of roles due to prevalent stereotypes about women and about leaders. The present study investigates changes in the stereotypes of female and male leaders over a period of 36 years. A content analysis of obituaries published in four Austrian, German, and Swiss newspapers showed that the attributes used to describe deceased female leaders have changed over time. Although the descriptions of deceased male leaders have remained comparatively stable, female and male stereotypes seem to be converging. Regarding descriptions of leadership style, no significant gender differences were observed concerning task-orientation. Attributions of person-orientation were only found to differ significantly between males and females in 2004. However, males were more often described using attributes that seem to be correlated with leadership success and which in general are considered as stable traits.

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