Abstract
In einer Reihe von Studien wurden bedeutsame Zusammenhänge der Big Five Persönlichkeitsfaktoren Extraversion, Neurotizismus, Gewissenhaftigkeit, Verträglichkeit und Offenheit für Erfahrungen mit sportlichen Leistungen berichtet. Gleichwohl ist bislang wenig über die genauen Wirkmechanismen der verschiedenen Persönlichkeitsmerkmale bekannt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde anhand einer Stichprobe von N = 149 Wettkampfschwimmern sowie N = 79 Freizeitschwimmern die Gültigkeit eines hierarchischen Modells, in dem der Zusammenhang zwischen Big Five und sportlichen Leistungen durch habituelle Zielorientierungen sowie spezifische Verhaltensweisen mediiert wird, pfadanalytisch überprüft. Vor allem Gewissenhaftigkeit und Neurotizismus wiesen vielfältige erwartete Zusammenhänge mit Zielorientierungen, Ausdauer und Self-Handicapping auf, welche ihrerseits signifikante Prädiktoren der Schwimmleistungen darstellten. Für Wettkampf- und Freizeitschwimmer zeigten sich differenzielle Wirkmechanismen, was die Wichtigkeit der Berücksichtigung kontextueller Moderatoren in sportpsychologischen Untersuchungen unterstreicht.
A number of studies report significant correlations between the Big Five personality factors (extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness for experiences) and sports performance. However, little is known about how the different personality factors specifically affect performance. In the present study, a hierarchical model in which the association between the Big Five and sports performance was assumed to be mediated by habitual goal orientations and specific behaviors was tested with a sample of N = 149 competitive as well as N = 79 leisure swimming athletes. Especially conscientiousness and neuroticism showed several expected relations to goal orientations, self-handicapping, and persistence, which for their part significantly predicted swimming performance. There were differential effects for competitive versus leisure swimming athletes that point out the need for further considerations of contextual moderators in future sport psychological studies.
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