Abstract
Since the initial description of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells created by forced expression of four transcription factors in mouse fibroblasts, the technique has been used to generate embryonic stem (ES)-cell-like pluripotent cells from a variety of cell types in other species, including primates and rat1,2,3,4,5,6. It has become a popular means to reprogram somatic genomes into an embryonic-like pluripotent state, and a preferred alternative to somatic-cell nuclear transfer and somatic-cell fusion with ES cells7,8. However, iPS cell reprogramming remains slow and inefficient. Notably, no live animals have been produced by the most stringent tetraploid complementation assay, indicative of a failure to create fully pluripotent cells. Here we report the generation of several iPS cell lines that are capable of generating viable, fertile live-born progeny by tetraploid complementation. These iPS cells maintain a pluripotent potential that is very close to ES cells generated from in vivo or nuclear transfer embryos. We demonstrate the practicality of using iPS cells as useful tools for the characterization of cellular reprogramming and developmental potency, and confirm that iPS cells can attain true pluripotency that is similar to that of ES cells.
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Data deposits
The microarray data in this study have been deposited with the Gene Expression Omnibus repository (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo) under accession number GSE16925.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported in part by grants from the China National Basic Research Program 2006CB701500 (to Q.Z.), 2007CB947800 (to F.Z.), 2007CB947700 (to L.W.) and grants from the National Science Foundation of China 30525040 (to Q.Z.) and 30871379/C0607 (to F.Z.).
Author Contributions Q.Z. and F.Z. designed the experiments, supervised lab work, analysed and interpreted data, and wrote the paper; X.Z., W.L., Z.L., L.L., M.T., T.H., J.H., C.G., Q.M. and F.Z. performed experiments; L.L. and W.L. analysed data; W.L. supervised experiments; and X.Z., W.L. and Z.L. contributed to part of the Online Methods section.
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Zhao, Xy., Li, W., Lv, Z. et al. iPS cells produce viable mice through tetraploid complementation. Nature 461, 86–90 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08267
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08267
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