A new strategy to realize high comprehensive energy storage properties in lead-free bulk ceramics
*b
and
Xihong
Hao
*acd
Abstract
Lead-free bulk ceramics have attracted increasing interest for electrical energy storage in pulsed power systems because of their superior mechanical properties, environment-friendliness, high power density and fast charge/discharge rate. Although considerable efforts have been made to design a large amount of lead-free bulk ceramics for energy storage applications, there is still a lack of scientific and feasible guidelines of how to explore new material systems with large recoverable energy density (Wrec), high energy storage efficiency (η) and excellent thermal stabilty, which are the three key parameters for energy storage applications. In this work, a strategy (coexistence of nanodomains and polar nanoregions via composition optimization) was proposed to achieve high comprehensive energy storage properties in lead-free bulk ceramics. NaNbO3–Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3 ceramics were selected as an example to verify the feasibility of this strategy. Encouragingly, both a high Wrec of 2.31 J cm−3 and a high η of 80.2% were achieved in 0.93NaNbO3–0.07Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3 (0.93NN–0.07BMZ) ceramics under 255 kV cm−1, while keeping excellent thermal stability over 20 °C to 170 °C with the variation of Wrec < 10%, which is superior to other reported lead-free bulk ceramics. Compared with other lead-free bulk ceramics, the 0.93NN–0.07BMZ ceramic is a promising material for high-temperature pulsed power capacitors. Most importantly, this work provides a significant guideline for exploring a series of new high-performance lead-free dielectric ceramics for next generation advanced pulsed power capacitors in the future.
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