One-step fragmentation of a 2D MXene across the fine 1D MnO2 surface and its supercapacitance
Abstract
Functional materials are being studied for their promising applications. Here, for the first time, a novel approach is highlighted to bring down the morphologies of MXene into small fragments with the aid of finer one-dimensional (1D)/nanorods of MnO2. This unique grown morphology was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The BET surface area showed an enhancement in surface area from 39 to 201 m2 g−1 on incorporating 1D MnO2 with MXene. Morphological tension as developed between MnO2 and the MXene surface helped in the considerable improvement of the supercapacitive behaviour of MnO2. An increase of 92.4% in the capacitive behaviour of MnO2 was observed with 818.5 F g−1 at 3 A g−1. Electrochemical device characterization was undertaken to achieve a promising energy density of 77.2 W h kg−1 at 1725 W kg−1. Favourable stability retention of 192.3% in a 3-electrode system and stable performance with 80% retention in a 2 electrode system were achieved after 5000 cycles of galvanostatic charge–discharge. The hydrothermal growth process of (1D) MnO2 is quite effective in bringing MXenes down to fragments, thereby enhancing their overall activity for showcasing one of the best supercapacitive behaviours.
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