* Corresponding authors

^a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
E-mail: y-huang@northwestern.edu

^b Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
E-mail: jrogers@uiuc.edu

^c Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA

^d Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea

^e Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

^f Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

^g Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA