CeO2        nanoparticles synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method: evolution from nanospheres to nanorods

V. D. Araújo; W. Avansi; H. B. de Carvalho; M. L. Moreira; E. Longo; C. Ribeiro; M. I. B. Bernardi

doi:10.1039/C1CE06188G

CeO₂nanoparticles synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method: evolution from nanospheres to nanorods

V. D. Araújo,*^a W. Avansi,^a H. B. de Carvalho,^b M. L. Moreira,^c E. Longo,^c C. Ribeiro^d and M. I. B. Bernardi^a

* Corresponding authors

^a Instituto de Física de São Carlos, USP—Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
E-mail: dantas@ursa.ifsc.usp.br
Fax: +55 16 3373-9824
Tel: +55 16 3373-9828

^b Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil

^c INCTMN, LIEC, Instituto de Química, UNESP, R. Francisco Degni, s/n, Araraquara, SP, Brazil

^d National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), Embrapa Agricultural Instrumentation, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

Abstract

Ceria (CeO₂) plays a vital role in emerging technologies for environmental and energy-related applications. The catalytic efficiency of ceria nanoparticles depends on its morphology. In this study, CeO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method under different synthesis temperatures. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman scattering spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. The X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering results indicated that all the synthesized samples had a pure cubic CeO₂ structure. Rietveld analysis and Raman scattering also revealed the presence of structural defects due to an associated reduction in the valence of the Ce⁴⁺ ions to Ce³⁺ ions caused by an increasing molar fraction of oxygen vacancies. The morphology of the samples was controlled by varying the synthesis temperature. The TEM images show that samples synthesized at 80 °C consisted of spherical particles of about 5 nm, while those synthesized at 120 °C presented a mix of spherical and rod-like nanoparticles and the sample synthesized at 160 °C consisted of nanorods with 10 nm average diameter and 70 nm length. The microwave-assisted method proved to be highly efficient for the synthesis of CeO₂ nanoparticles with different morphologies.

Article information

https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CE06188G

Article type

Paper

Submitted

12 Sep 2011

Accepted

02 Nov 2011

First published

23 Nov 2011

Download Citation

CrystEngComm, 2012,14, 1150-1154

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CeO₂ nanoparticles synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method: evolution from nanospheres to nanorods

V. D. Araújo, W. Avansi, H. B. de Carvalho, M. L. Moreira, E. Longo, C. Ribeiro and M. I. B. Bernardi, CrystEngComm, 2012, 14, 1150 DOI: 10.1039/C1CE06188G

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