Covalently functionalized carbon nanotube supported Pd nanoparticles for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

Xianmo Gu; Wei Qi; Xianzhu Xu; Zhenhua Sun; Liyun Zhang; Wei Liu; Xiaoli Pan; Dangsheng Su

doi:10.1039/C4NR00826J

Covalently functionalized carbon nanotube supported Pd nanoparticles for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol†

Xianmo Gu,^ab Wei Qi,^b Xianzhu Xu,*^a Zhenhua Sun,*^b Liyun Zhang,^b Wei Liu,^b Xiaoli Pan^b and Dangsheng Su*^b

* Corresponding authors

^a State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
E-mail: xuxianzhu@hit.edu.cn
Fax: +86 451 86403625
Tel: +86 451 86403715

^b Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, P. R. China
E-mail: zhsun@imr.ac.cn, dssu@imr.ac.cn
Fax: +86 24 83970019
Tel: +86 24 83978238

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were covalently functionalized via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction under microwave conditions. The functionalized CNTs were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N₂ adsorption isotherms and Raman spectroscopy. The surface concentration of phenolic hydroxyl groups on the surface of CNTs was adjusted by varying the reaction temperature. In addition, we prepared Pd nanoparticle/CNT (Pd NP/CNT) nanocomposites through strong electrostatic adsorption and hydrogen reduction. The results indicated that the functional groups could not only improve the dispersion of CNTs in water, but also enhance the interaction between Pd precursors and CNTs, thus preventing small Pd NPs (average diameter of 1.5 nm) from agglomerating. Furthermore, the Pd NP/CNT-220 nanocomposites showed high catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. The turnover frequency (TOF) of this catalyst was up to 18 min⁻¹, which was attributed to the small size and uniform distribution of Pd NPs on the surface of CNTs.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C4NR00826J
Article type: Paper
Submitted: 14 Feb 2014
Accepted: 25 Mar 2014
First published: 01 Apr 2014

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Nanoscale, 2014,6, 6609-6616

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Covalently functionalized carbon nanotube supported Pd nanoparticles for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

X. Gu, W. Qi, X. Xu, Z. Sun, L. Zhang, W. Liu, X. Pan and D. Su, Nanoscale, 2014, 6, 6609 DOI: 10.1039/C4NR00826J

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Covalently functionalized carbon nanotube supported Pd nanoparticles for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol†

Abstract

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Covalently functionalized carbon nanotube supported Pd nanoparticles for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

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