Electrodes with rationally designed hybrid nanostructure composites can have superior electrochemical performance for supercapacitors to single structured materials. In this work, the uniform three dimensional (3D) hybrid Co₃O₄@NiMoO₄ nanowire/nanosheet arrays directly grown on carbon cloth were designed and synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal method. A series of characterizations of SEM, XRD, XPS, TEM and N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms were used to verify the hierarchical core/shell hybrid nanostructure of as-prepared products, which combines the advantages of the good rate capability of Co₃O₄ nanowires and the high surface area of NiMoO₄ nanosheets. As a binder-free electrode, the fabricated 3D hybrid nanocomposite achieves a high areal capacitance of 3.61 F cm⁻² at a current density of 3 mA cm⁻² and a capacitance retention of 82% with the increase of current density from 3 to 15 mA cm⁻². Besides, the hybrid nanostructured product also exhibits lower bulk resistance and lower charge transfer resistance than single structured Co₃O₄ material. The outstanding electrochemical behaviour and the facile fabrication process suggest that this hybrid nanoarchitecture material has potential application in high-performance supercapacitors.