SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE
Photovoltaic device performance of pure, manganese (Mn2+) doped and irradiated CuInSe2 thin films
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Abstract
Pure and Mn2+ doped CuInSe2 thin films (Mn content: 1 to 5 mole%) were deposited on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates by a single step electrochemical deposition method at low temperature (358 K). The as-deposited pure CuInSe2 thin films were irradiated with Au8+ ions (100 MeV) at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature with an ion fluency of 1 × 1014 ions per cm2. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the as-deposited pure and Mn2+ doped CuInSe2 thin films and the irradiated thin films have a tetragonal crystal structure without any trace of secondary phases. Mn2+ doping does not alter the tetragonal structure of CuInSe2 thin films except for a strong (112) plane preferred orientation in all the doped thin films. The absorption coefficient's fall is sharper for 5 mole% Mn2+ doped and irradiated CuInSe2 thin films than for pure and 1 to 4 mole% Mn2+ doped CuInSe2 thin films due to better crystallinity. Magnetic measurements reveal that Mn2+ doping into the CuInSe2 lattice induces ferromagnetism. The electrical studies of Mn2+ doped and irradiated CuInSe2 thin films show that hole mobility and hole concentration increase with a slight decrease in resistivity. Mn2+ in CuInSe2 thin films acts as an acceptor and the original p-type conductivity is retained. The new antistructural modeling for describing the defects in the CuInSe2:Mn system shows that the dissolution of the Mn cations in the chalcopyrite matrix increases the hole concentration. Solar light irradiation with an intensity of 100 mW cm−2 on Mn2+ (5 mole%) doped and LNT irradiated CuInSe2 thin film-based cells resulted in a power conversion efficiency of 6.38 and 4.57%, respectively.
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