Insight into the intercalation mechanism of WSe2 onions toward metal ion capacitors: sodium rivals lithium

Yichun Wang; Xin Zhang; Peixun Xiong; Fuxing Yin; Yunhua Xu; Biao Wan; Qingzhou Wang; Gongkai Wang; Puguang Ji; Huiyang Gou

doi:10.1039/C8TA09286A

Insight into the intercalation mechanism of WSe₂ onions toward metal ion capacitors: sodium rivals lithium†

Yichun Wang,‡^ab Xin Zhang,‡^ab Peixun Xiong,^c Fuxing Yin,^ab Yunhua Xu,

^c Biao Wan,^de Qingzhou Wang,^ab Gongkai Wang,

*^ab Puguang Ji*^ab and Huiyang Gou*^e

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a School of Material Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Energy Equipment Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
E-mail: wang.gongkai@hebut.edu.cn, jipuguang@hebut.edu.cn

^b Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Tianjin 300130, China

^c School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

^d Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Material Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China

^e Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, China
E-mail: huiyang.gou@hpstar.ac.cn

Abstract

WSe₂ onions were synthesized using a homemade chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The formation of a very fine particle size and spherical microstructure was attributed to the fast cooling rate and reduction of the surface energy of two-dimensional (2D) WSe₂ after nucleation and growth during the synthesis process. A specific capacity of 205 mA h g⁻¹ at 10 A g⁻¹vs. sodium ions can be reached, representing the best sodium ion rate capability ever reported for WSe₂. An exceptionally high capacitive contribution showed that fast intercalation kinetics were present, which were attributed to the intrinsic properties and the unique microstructure of WSe₂. Sodium ions could be stored faster than lithium ions throughout WSe₂ due to the different intercalation mechanisms, as concluded from electrochemical investigations and simulation. The sodium ion capacitors (SICs) delivered superior energy/power densities (the maximum energy density is 123.1 W h kg⁻¹ and the maximum power density is 14.1 kW kg⁻¹), demonstrating that WSe₂ is a promising alternative for SICs that could rival lithium ion capacitors (LICs) and shedding new light on novel 2D material design of SICs with high energy/power densities.

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Insight into the intercalation mechanism of WSe₂ onions toward metal ion capacitors: sodium rivals lithium†

Abstract

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Insight into the intercalation mechanism of WSe₂ onions toward metal ion capacitors: sodium rivals lithium

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Journal of Materials Chemistry A