Development of hydrophobic reduced graphene oxide as a new efficient approach for photochemotherapy

Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi; Foo Wah Low; Seyyed Alireza Hashemi; Nurul Asma Samsudin; Mohammad Shakeri; Yulisa Yusoff; Mansoor Rahsepar; Chin Wei Lai; Aziz Babapoor; Sadaf Soroshnia; Su Mei Goh; Sieh Kiong Tiong; Nowshad Amin

doi:10.1039/D0RA00186D

Development of hydrophobic reduced graphene oxide as a new efficient approach for photochemotherapy†

Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi,^a Foo Wah Low,*^b Seyyed Alireza Hashemi,^c Nurul Asma Samsudin,^b Mohammad Shakeri,^b Yulisa Yusoff,^b Mansoor Rahsepar,^d Chin Wei Lai,

*^e Aziz Babapoor,^f Sadaf Soroshnia,^f Su Mei Goh,^f Sieh Kiong Tiong^g and Nowshad Amin^b

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan

^b Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@The Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
E-mail: lowfw@uniten.edu.my

^c Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore

^d Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

^e Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, Level 3, Block A, Institute for Advanced Studies Building, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
E-mail: cwlai@um.edu.my

^f Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili (UMA), Ardabil, Iran

^g College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@The Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia

Abstract

Nowadays, chemotherapy is one of the crucial and common therapies in the world. So far, it has been revealed to be highly promising, yet patients suffer from the consequences of severe negative medical dosages. In order to overcome these issues, the enhancement of photothermal chemotherapy with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a photothermal agent (PTA) is widely utilised in current medical technologies. This is due to its high near-infrared region (NIR) response, in vitro or in vivo organism biocompatibility, low risk of side effects, and effective positive results. Moreover, rGO not only has the ability to ensure that selective cancer cells have a higher mortality rate but can also improve the growth rate of recovering tissues that are untouched by necrosis and apoptosis. These two pathways are specific diverse modalities of cell death that are distinguished by cell membrane disruption and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) disintegration of the membrane via phosphatidylserine exposure in the absence of cell membrane damage. Therefore, this review aimed to demonstrate the recent achievements in the modification of rGO nanoparticles as a PTA as well as present a new approach for performing photochemotherapy in the clinical setting.

This article is part of the themed collection: 2020 Reviews in RSC Advances

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Development of hydrophobic reduced graphene oxide as a new efficient approach for photochemotherapy†

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