Issue 4, 2009
From the journal:

Green Chemistry

Strategy to improve the characterization of chitosan for sustainable biomedical applications: SAR guided multi-dimensional analysis†

Mirko X. Weinhold,*a   Janelle C. M. Sauvageau,a   Nadia Keddig,b   Marianne Matzke,c   Bernd Tartsch,d   Ingo Grunwald,e   Christian Kübel,ef   Bernd Jastorffg  and  Jorg Thöminga  

* Corresponding authors

a UFT-Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering-Recovery and Recycling, Bremen, Germany
E-mail: mirkoweinhold@gmx.de
Fax: +49 421 218–8297
Tel: +49 421 218–63389

b UFT-Department of Applied Botany, Bremen, Germany

c UFT-Department of General and Theoretical Ecology, Bremen, Germany

d Viscotek, a Malvern company, Waghäusel, Germany

e Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Applied Materials Research (IFAM), Bremen, Germany

f Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

g UFT-Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Bremen, Germany

Abstract

The biopolymer chitosan has shown great potential for a tremendous number of applications despite the fact that typical chitosan preparations are always mixtures of different chemical entities, natural impurities and process-induced impurities. However, chitosan preparations described in the literature or offered on the market are analytically highly undefined. Here we propose a T-SAR (thinking in terms of structure-activity-relationships) guided multi-dimensional analysis of distinct chitosan preparations with the aim a) to obtain the information needed for the production of reproducible chitosan preparations and b) to predict biological effects and technological properties of certain chitosan preparations. First, a physico-chemical description (molecular weight (MW), polydispersity (MW/MN), fraction of acetylation (FA), pattern of acetylation (PA), hydrodynamic radius (Rh), intrinsic viscosity ([η])) of six selected samples was done. Furthermore chitosan properties like solubility, crystallinity, conformation (Mark-Houwink-plot) and impurities of all the chitosan preparations from different origins were determined and biological effects were also analyzed using test systems with two different bacteria (Escherichia coli, Vibrio fischeri). It was found that the presence of HCl enabled the water solubility of chitosan, while chloride-free chitosan was only soluble in acetic acid. The pattern of acetylation PA showed no impact on this behavior. The analyzed biological effects revealed growth inhibition within 30 minutes for E. coli and a decreased bioluminescence for V. fisheri (IC50 = 0.035 w%). Thus, the strategy to check biological effects within a multi-dimensional analysis kit proved to be effective for detecting general structure-property-relationships of chitosan in relation to its biological effects.

Graphical abstract: Strategy to improve the characterization of chitosan for sustainable biomedical applications: SAR guided multi-dimensional analysis

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Article information

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/B809941C
Article type
Paper
Submitted
11 Jun 2008
Accepted
14 Jan 2009
First published
17 Feb 2009

Green Chem., 2009,11, 498-509

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Strategy to improve the characterization of chitosan for sustainable biomedical applications: SAR guided multi-dimensional analysis

M. X. Weinhold, J. C. M. Sauvageau, N. Keddig, M. Matzke, B. Tartsch, I. Grunwald, C. Kübel, B. Jastorff and J. Thöming, Green Chem., 2009, 11, 498 DOI: 10.1039/B809941C

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