Issue 8, 2010
From the journal:

Nanoscale

Access to small size distributions of nanoparticles by microwave-assisted synthesis. Formation of Agnanoparticles in aqueous carboxymethylcellulose solutions in batch and continuous-flow reactors

Satoshi Horikoshi,*a   Hideki Abe,b   Kanjiro Torigoe,b   Masahiko Abeab  and  Nick Serpone*c  

* Corresponding authors

a Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
E-mail: horikosi@rs.noda.tus.ac.jp

b Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan

c Gruppo Fotochimico, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica, Universita di Pavia, Via Taramelli 10, Pavia, Italy
E-mail: nick.serpone@unipv.it

Abstract

This article examines the effect(s) of the 2.45-GHz microwave (MW) radiation in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles in aqueous media by reduction of the diaminesilver(I) complex, [Ag(NH3)2]+, with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in both batch-type and continuous-flow reactor systems with a particular emphasis on the characteristics of the microwaves in this process and the size distributions. This microwave thermally-assisted synthesis is compared to a conventional heating (CH) method, both requiring a reaction temperature of 100 °C to produce the nanoparticles, in both cases leading to the formation of silver colloids with different size distributions. Reduction of the diaminesilver(I) precursor complex, [Ag(NH3)2]+, by CMC depended on the solution temperature. Cooling the reactor during the heating process driven with 390-Watt microwaves (MW-390W/Cool protocol) yielded silver nanoparticles with sizes spanning the range 1–2 nm. By contrast, the size distribution of Ag nanoparticles with 170-Watt microwaves (no cooling; MW-170W protocol) was in the range 1.4–3.6 nm (average size ∼3 nm). The overall results suggest the potential for a scale-up process in the microwave-assisted synthesis of nanoparticles. Based on the present data, a flow-through microwave reactor system is herein proposed for the continuous production of silver nanoparticles. The novel flow reactor system (flow rate, 600 mL min−1) coupled to 1200-Watt microwave radiation generated silver nanoparticles with a size distribution 0.7–2.8 nm (average size ca. 1.5 nm).

Graphical abstract: Access to small size distributions of nanoparticles by microwave-assisted synthesis. Formation of Ag nanoparticles in aqueous carboxymethylcellulose solutions in batch and continuous-flow reactors

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Article information

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/C0NR00141D
Article type
Paper
Submitted
21 Feb 2010
Accepted
29 Mar 2010
First published
26 May 2010

Nanoscale, 2010,2, 1441-1447

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Access to small size distributions of nanoparticles by microwave-assisted synthesis. Formation of Ag nanoparticles in aqueous carboxymethylcellulose solutions in batch and continuous-flow reactors

S. Horikoshi, H. Abe, K. Torigoe, M. Abe and N. Serpone, Nanoscale, 2010, 2, 1441 DOI: 10.1039/C0NR00141D

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