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Targeted photodynamic therapy — a promising strategy of tumor treatment

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Abstract

Targeted therapy is a new promising therapeutic strategy, created to overcome growing problems of contemporary medicine, such as drug toxicity and drug resistance. An emerging modality of this approach is targeted photodynamic therapy (TPDT) with the main aim of improving delivery of photosensitizer to cancer tissue and at the same time enhancing specificity and efficiency of PDT. Depending on the mechanism of targeting, we can divide the strategies of TPDT into “passive”, “active” and “activatable”, where in the latter case the photosensitizer is activated only in the target tissue. In this review, contemporary strategies of TPDT are described, including new innovative concepts, such as targeting assisted by peptides and aptamers, multifunctional nanoplatforms with navigation by magnetic field or “photodynamic molecular beacons” activatable by enzymes and nucleic acid. The imperative of introducing a new paradigm of PDT, focused on the concepts of heterogeneity and dynamic state of tumor, is also called for.

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Abbreviations

ALA:

5-Aminolevulinic acid

BHQ3:

Black Hole Quencher 3

Ce6:

Chlorin e6

DMF:

Dimethyl formamide

DPPC:

Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine

DPPG:

Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol

EGFR:

Receptor of endothelial growth factor

EPR:

Enhanced permeability and retention

FR:

Folate receptor

FRET:

Forster resonance energy transfer

fVII:

Conjugating factor VII

GnRH:

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

HPMA:

N-2-Hydroxypropyl methacrylamide

HPPH:

2-Devinyl-2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)pyropheophorbide

HUVEC:

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells

LLC:

Lewis lung cancer

m-Ce6:

meso-Chlorin e6 monoethylene diamine

MMP-7:

Matrix metalloproteinase 7

m-THPC:

5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(meso-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin

m-THPP:

5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(meso-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin

NLS:

Nuclear localization signal

PAMAM:

Poly(amidoamine)

Pc4:

Silicon phthalocyanine 4

PCL:

Polycaprolactone

PDT:

Photodynamic therapy

PE:

Phosphatidylethanolamine

PEG:

Poly(ethylene glycol)

PLA:

Polylactide

PLGA:

Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)

PMB:

Photodynamic molecular beacons

PPI:

Polypropylene imine

RES:

Reticuloendothelial system

SCC:

Squamous cell carcinoma

siRNA:

Small interfering RNA

SLN:

Solid lipid nanoparticles

SnCe6(ED):

Tin(iv) chlorin e6 monoetylene diamine

SWNT:

Single-walled carbon nanotubes

TF:

Tissue factor

TMPyP4:

meso-5,10,15,20-Tetrakis-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine

TPC:

5-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl chlorin

TPDT:

Targeted photodynamic therapy

VEC:

Vascular endothelial cells

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

VP:

Verteporfin

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  1. College of Health, Beauty and Education, Poznań, Poland

    Andrzej M. Bugaj

  2. Os. Jagiellońskie 3 m. 9, 61-224, Poznań, Poland

    Andrzej M. Bugaj

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Bugaj, A.M. Targeted photodynamic therapy — a promising strategy of tumor treatment. Photochem Photobiol Sci 10, 1097–1109 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/c0pp00147c

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