Issue 9, 2011
From the journal:

Analyst

Microneedle array-based carbon paste amperometric sensors and biosensors

Joshua Ray Windmiller,a   Nandi Zhou,a   Min-Chieh Chuang,a   Gabriela Valdés-Ramírez,a   Padmanabhan Santhosh,a   Philip R. Miller,b   Roger Narayan*b  and  Joseph Wang*a  

* Corresponding authors

a Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
E-mail: josephwang@ucsd.edu
Fax: +1 858 534-9553
Tel: +1 858 246-0128

b Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7115, Raleigh, NC, USA
E-mail: roger_narayan@unc.edu
Fax: +1 509 696-8481
Tel: +1 919 696-8488

Abstract

The design and characterization of a microneedle array-based carbon paste electrode towards minimally invasive electrochemical sensing are described. Arrays consisting of 3 × 3 pyramidal microneedle structures, each with an opening of 425 µm, were loaded with a metallized carbon paste transducer. The renewable nature of carbon paste electrodes enables the convenient packing of hollow non-planar microneedles with pastes that contain assorted catalysts and biocatalysts. Smoothing the surface results in good microelectrode-to-microelectrode uniformity. Optical and scanning electron micrographs shed useful insights into the surface morphology at the microneedle apertures. The attractive performance of the novel microneedle electrode arrays is illustrated in vitro for the low-potential detection of hydrogen peroxide at rhodium-dispersed carbon paste microneedles and for lactate biosensing by the inclusion of lactate oxidase in the metallized carbon paste matrix. Highly repeatable sensing is observed following consecutive cycles of packing/unpacking the carbon paste. The operational stability of the array is demonstrated as well as the interference-free detection of lactate in the presence of physiologically relevant levels of ascorbic acid, uric acid, and acetaminophen. Upon addressing the biofouling effects associated with on-body sensing, the microneedle carbon paste platform would be attractive for the subcutaneous electrochemical monitoring of a number of physiologically relevant analytes.

Graphical abstract: Microneedle array-based carbon paste amperometric sensors and biosensors

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Article information

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/C1AN00012H
Article type
Paper
Submitted
05 Jan 2011
Accepted
24 Feb 2011
First published
16 Mar 2011

Analyst, 2011,136, 1846-1851

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Microneedle array-based carbon paste amperometric sensors and biosensors

J. R. Windmiller, N. Zhou, M. Chuang, G. Valdés-Ramírez, P. Santhosh, P. R. Miller, R. Narayan and J. Wang, Analyst, 2011, 136, 1846 DOI: 10.1039/C1AN00012H

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