In situ sol–gel synthesis of silica reinforced polybenzoxazine hybrid materials with low surface free energy

M. Selvi; M. R. Vengatesan; S. Devaraju; Manmohan Kumar; M. Alagar

doi:10.1039/C3RA44511A

In situ sol–gel synthesis of silica reinforced polybenzoxazine hybrid materials with low surface free energy†

M. Selvi,^a M. R. Vengatesan,^ab S. Devaraju,^ac Manmohan Kumar^d and M. Alagar*^a

* Corresponding authors

^a Polymer Composites Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, A. C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai - 600 025, India
E-mail: mkalagar@yahoo.com

^b School of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea

^c Next MEMS lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea

^d Radiation and photochemistry division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, India

Abstract

In the present work, silica reinforced polybenzoxazine (PBZ–SiO₂) hybrid materials possessing low surface free energy have been developed using a dimethylol-functional benzoxazine monomer (4HBA-BZ), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-(isocyanatopropyl)triethoxysilane (ICPTS) through an in situ sol–gel process. Data from the contact angle measurement indicate that the hybrid materials are hydrophobic in nature and possess a low surface free energy. For example, a PBS₃ hybrid material (1 : 1 : 1 ratio of 4HBA-BZ : ICPTS : TEOS) exhibits a low surface free energy of 18.6 mJ m⁻² which is lower than that of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (22.0 mJ m⁻²). Further data obtained from thermal studies indicate that the hybrid PBZ possesses higher values of the glass transition temperature (T_g), thermal stability and char yield than those of neat PBZ.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C3RA44511A
Article type: Paper
Submitted: 20 Aug 2013
Accepted: 29 Nov 2013
First published: 02 Dec 2013

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RSC Adv., 2014,4, 8446-8452

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In situ sol–gel synthesis of silica reinforced polybenzoxazine hybrid materials with low surface free energy

M. Selvi, M. R. Vengatesan, S. Devaraju, M. Kumar and M. Alagar, RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 8446 DOI: 10.1039/C3RA44511A

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In situ sol–gel synthesis of silica reinforced polybenzoxazine hybrid materials with low surface free energy†

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